The development of tool materials plays a decisive role in the advancement of cutting technology. This paper describes the performance and application range of diamond, polycrystalline cubic boron nitride, ceramic, hard alloy, high speed steel and other tool materials used in cutting. The tool damage mechanism is the theoretical basis for the rational selection of tool materials. The matching of tool material and workpiece material performance is the key basis for the selection of cutting tool materials. It is necessary to select tool materials according to the mechanical, physical and chemical properties of tool materials and workpiece materials. Good cutting results. The selection of tool materials for the piston during cutting is described.
High-speed steel: milling cutters for milling and milling, milling cutters for milling and expansion grooves, and drill bits for drilling oil holes are all high-speed steel materials.
Carbide: YG, YD series carbide tools are widely used in various processes of aluminum piston machining, especially for piston roughing and semi-finishing.
Cubic Boron Nitride: Cubic Boron Nitride Tools are used in the cast iron ring groove process with cast iron ring pistons. It is also used in the machining of piston stereo masters.
Diamond: Diamond tools can achieve high precision, high efficiency, high stability and high surface finish of non-ferrous metals and wear-resistant non-metallic materials by using the high hardness, high wear resistance, high thermal conductivity and low friction coefficient of diamond materials. When cutting aluminum alloy, the life of PCD tool is dozens or even hundreds of times that of cemented carbide tool. It is the ideal tool for precision machining of aluminum piston. It has been applied to precision piston ring groove and fine piston pin. Holes, fine car piston outer circle, fine car piston top surface and fine car piston combustion chamber and other finishing processes.
The performance of the tool material is the basic factor that affects the quality of the machined surface, the efficiency of the cutting process, and the life of the tool. When cutting, it is the cutting part of the tool that directly bears the cutting work. The cutting performance of the tool mostly depends on the material constituting the cutting part of the tool, the geometric parameters of the cutting part and the selection and design of the tool structure. Machining productivity and tool durability, tool consumption and processing costs, machining accuracy and surface quality are all largely determined by the reasonable choice of tool materials. Proper selection of tool materials is one of the important aspects of designing and selecting tools.
Each type of tool material has its own specific processing range and can only be applied to certain workpiece materials and cutting speed ranges. Tool life is often very different when different tool materials and the same tool are used to process different workpiece materials. For example, when machining aluminum pistons, the life of diamond tools is several times to several tens of times longer than that of YG type carbide tools. YG-based carbide tools have a very different life span when processing aluminum alloys with high, medium and low silicon content. Therefore, the rational selection of tools is the key to successful cutting. Each tool material has its best machining object, that is, there is a reasonable matching problem between the cutting tool and the machining object.
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