Foot-and-mouth disease, commonly known as "No. 5 disease", is an acute, hot, and contact infectious disease caused by foot-and-mouth disease virus infection of cloven-hoofed animals. The clinical symptoms mainly include blisters in the oral mucosa, hooves, breasts and skin, and the spread speed is extremely fast. There are many serotypes, and each serotype has subtypes. There are many strains with significant antigenic differences in the subtypes, and each type cannot be mutually immune, so it is very difficult to prevent and eliminate foot and mouth disease. It belongs to a class of infectious diseases that are strictly controlled in China.
Foot-and-mouth disease has less incidence in the summer high temperature season, and even long-term air transmission rarely occurs. In the low temperature season, when the relative humidity of the environment is greater than 60%, and the wind speed is appropriate, it can spread 100 kilometers or more through the air. At the same time, liquidity is also prone to spread, and foot-and-mouth disease virus can spread through pig farm staff, tool equipment and transport vehicles.
The incubation period of this disease is short, usually 1-7 days, and the incubation period is up to 14 days. Detoxification occurs 24 hours after the onset of symptoms. The amount of detoxification is large in the early stage, and the infection is strong. After 5-7 days, the amount of detoxification is reduced. After 10 days, it is basically not detoxified, and even does not cause the same column infection, but the lymph nodes and bone marrow can be poisoned for more than one month.
Foot and mouth disease virus characteristics:
Not heat resistant: It can only maintain infectivity for more than 2 hours at 37 °C, inactivate at 60 °C; it can survive for several weeks in 4 °C environment.
Not resistant to drying: Relative humidity above 60%, the virus is quite stable, the relative humidity is below 40%, and the virus quickly disintegrates.
Not resistant to acid and alkali: acidic environment; reaching 90% inactivation condition, 14 hours in PH=6.5 environment; only 1 minute in PH=5.5 environment; live. Alkaline environment: PH>9.0, quickly inactivated, inactivated in 1%-2% sodium hydroxide or 4% sodium carbonate environment for 1 minute.
Control of foot-and-mouth disease should be based on prevention:
1. During the epidemic prevention period, the farms are closed for management. External staff cannot enter the pig pens. Personnel entering and leaving need to be registered and disinfected.
2. Enter the production area to disinfect, bathe, change work clothes and work shoes.
3. Inject the 2%-3% caustic soda into the disinfection tank in the field gate and replace it in time to ensure the effective concentration of the drug. Off-site roads, around pig farms, and feed rooms must also be disinfected with quicklime.
4. Vehicles entering the vehicle need to be disinfected, including chassis and wheels. Spray disinfection is better than water gun flushing.
5. Sales personnel and field staff are not allowed to enter the production area. There shall be no personnel crossing in the sales area and the feeding area, and the flushing shall be carried out immediately after the transaction is completed, and then disinfected. Transaction funds should be sent to the bank in time to avoid storage on the market.
6. It is forbidden to buy meat products outside, solve the problem by self-killing, and purchase the daily necessities, and then enter the site after disinfection. People in the production area cannot go out at will.
During the epidemic prevention period, the pig house should be disinfected with pigs. Refer to the characteristics of the foot-and-mouth disease virus that is very sensitive to acid. Acid disinfectants such as Dingfu aldehyde should be used for disinfection. When disposing the disinfectant, ensure that the final pH is less than 3.
However, disinfection will increase the humidity at the same time, and the humidity is too high, which is conducive to the spread of the virus. In order to prevent the aerosol formed by the foot-and-mouth disease virus from spreading in a humid environment, it should be noted that the disinfection should be carried out at noon time with good weather. After disinfection, sprinkle some acidified feed in the barn to help keep the floor dry.
At the same time, a reasonable immunization program can make pigs immune to foot-and-mouth disease virus. It is recommended to immunize the pigs every 3 months. The immunization will be boosted once a month after priming, and the pigs will be exempted at 50 days. The age was re-immunized, and the finishing pigs were again immunized 15 days before the slaughter.
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