At present, in order to enhance the adsorption capacity of activated carbon, it is often modified. The chemical properties of the activated carbon surface can be changed by chemical oxidation, reduction and loading modification methods. Currently, in order to enhance the adsorption capacity of activated carbon, it is often modified. The chemical properties of the surface of the activated carbon may be changed by chemical oxidation, reduction, and loading modification methods. The relative content of the acid and the base group may be selected to adsorb substances having different polarities, or by adding specific surface hetero atoms or compounds. Enhance adsorption to specific adsorbates.
The preparation process of activated carbon: the carbonaceous material is heated together with superheated steam, ammonia or air at a high temperature, or the uncarbonized raw material is treated with zinc chloride, ammonium chloride, calcium chloride or sulfuric acid. After immersion in phosphorus or the like, it is obtained by burning and activating. During the activation process, various carbon-containing compounds and disordered carbon are removed between the basic crystallites, and a part of the carbon is also removed from the graphite layer of the basic microcrystals, and the pores thus produced are called pores. A suitable activation process can result in the formation of a large number of pores, thus expanding the total surface area of ​​the pore walls, which is the main reason for the large adsorption capacity of activated carbon.
The adsorption characteristics of activated carbon depend not only on its pore structure, but also on its surface chemistry—chemical functional groups on the surface, surface heteroatoms, and compounds. Different surface functional groups, heteroatoms and compounds have significant adsorption differences for different adsorbates. During the activation process, a large number of oxygen-containing surface complexes such as hydroxyl groups, carboxyl groups, and phenol groups are formed on the surface of activated carbon. Different kinds of oxygen-containing groups are the main active sites on activated carbon, which can make the surface of activated carbon appear weak. Acidic, basic, oxidizing, reducing, hydrophilic, and hydrophobic. These constitute the surface of the activated carbon exhibiting weak acidity, alkalinity, oxidative, reducing, hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties. These constitute a diversity of properties of the activated carbon, while affecting the ability of the activated carbon to bind to the active components. In general, the richer the acidic compounds in the oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface of activated carbon, the higher the efficiency of adsorbing polar compounds; and the activated carbons with more basic compounds tend to adsorb weaker or non-polar substances.
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