First, the reasons for poor pesticide application
1 The timing of medication is not allowed
It is necessary to seize the opportunity to fight drugs. Only by understanding the law of the occurrence of pests and diseases , and using drugs at the right time can it work. For example, the treatment of aphids must be used at the peak of egg hatching. If you wait until the anthill has broken into the stalk, and there is a phenomenon of dryness, white spikes, dead spikes, etc., it is definitely not effective.
2 improper application method
The occurrence of pests and diseases in the field and the habitat of pests have a harmful part on the crops. This particular part is the "target" that the "arrow" that we use should be shot. If the target is not shot, the pesticide control effect will be poor. For example, the control of aphids is only directed at the rice heart leaf spray, the effect is good.
3 increased resistance to Cordyceps
The resistance of germs, pests and weeds to pesticides is a practical problem that hinders the full play of the pesticides' effective control effects and potential efficacy. With the rapid increase in the amount of pesticides and the continuous replacement of varieties, the resistance of pests and diseases is also increasing. Especially the main crops such as grain, oil, vegetables, tea and fruit are used frequently, and the resistance of pests and diseases is several times and dozens. Double the increase.
4 The target of prevention is not clear
It is common for diseases to be worms, insects to kill, and grass to be worms. This is first of all a diagnosis error, which is unclear and leads to wrong medication. For example, the red leaf blight that occurs after cotton buds, the veins turn green, the fleshy purple is red in pig liver, the leaves turn down, and eventually the coke falls off, people often mistakenly think that it is red spider. Soybean field weeds are harmful, causing soybean growth to stagnate, stunting, and some people often treat it as root knot nematode disease, etc., of course, the more severe the cure.
5 Spraying liquid waste is big
At present, the spray equipment commonly used in rural areas of China is still a worker-agricultural sprayer that has been consistently produced for decades. It is labor-intensive, wasteful, easy to poison, unsafe, coarse foggy, and poorly effective. According to the measurement, the spray method has poor adhesion and low deposition rate, and the liquid medicine is not only wasted, but the medicine droplets fall in the soil, are lost in the water, and seriously pollute the environment. Therefore, we should actively promote new tools and technologies such as low-volume spray, ultra-low-volume spray, mist, and electrostatic spray. This is an effective way to solve the problem of poor control and reduce pesticide waste.
6 Limitations of pesticides themselves
Some pesticides have good control effects on certain pests and diseases, but they are powerless to other pests and diseases, and their control effects are extremely poor. For example, triazophos has better control effect on rice blast, cotton bollworm and other lepidopteran pests, and has obvious ovicidal effect. But it can stimulate the rice planthopper to lay eggs, causing the rice planthopper to smash again.
7 The application time is not well grasped
Diseases, insects and weeds have certain laws and have their own biological clocks. For example, cabbage butterfly, cabbage caterpillar adult, cotton leaf roller moth, rice blast, etc. all prefer to be active during daylight hours, while lepidoptera and some moths are active, mating and spawning at night. Therefore, only by mastering the law of the activity of pests, in the day, at different times, targeted "medication on time" can achieve the best control effect.
8 weather conditions constraints
The control effect of pesticides is related to different weather conditions. Different temperature, humidity, light, wind, and yin and other effects have an impact on the occurrence, activity and control effects of pests and diseases. If the temperature is below 8 °C, the herbicide is not easy to exert its efficacy; under the high temperature of 35 °C and strong illumination, the chemical pesticide is easy to evaporate and dissipate; the large liquid is easy to drift and blow, which also affects the control effect. Application of emulsifiable pesticides requires no rain for 24 hours when spraying; application of contact pesticides requires no rain for 48 hours.
9 reduction of natural enemies
Due to the large-scale application of highly toxic, highly toxic and highly residual pesticides in the past years, the killing of pests has also killed the natural enemies of pests, which has destroyed the ecological balance and caused the pests to become more awkward and form a vicious circle.
10 improper use of water quality
Water has hard water and soft water. Generally, well water, mine water, and spring water in some mountainous areas are mostly hard water. The effect of diluting pesticides is poor. Because this water contains minerals, it will decompose the active ingredients of pesticides. The pond water, river water and stream water are mostly soft water, the mineral content is small, and the effect of diluting pesticides is good. However, if the pond water and river water are very turbid, it will also affect the efficacy of the drug.
Second, the correct choice and use of pesticide spray additives
Pesticide spray additives are divided into two categories
A coagent, which includes surfactants, wetting agents, oil based agents, adhesives and penetrants.
Second, special-purpose spray auxiliaries, including buffer or acidifier or pH change agent, water quality regulator, anti-drift agent, thickener, blending agent.
Correct selection and use of pesticide spray additives
1. Choose agricultural spray additives specially developed for agricultural forestry, such as agricultural silicone additives. Do not use industrial products or household detergents or detergents to avoid destroying pesticide activity.
2, many pesticide formulations already contain the necessary additives to improve the performance of pesticides, generally do not use spray additives.
3, I believe that the spray auxiliaries to be used have been tested thoroughly, and that there are doubtful or uncertain products to be used in a large area after a small range of tests.
4. Specific pesticides require specific additives, and the additives should be selected correctly.
5. The recommended pesticide additives may change due to changes in dosage form or due to changes in the application of technical procedures.
6, pesticide spray additives are not required under any spray conditions. A liquid immersion test can be performed to test whether the spray liquid contains an excessive amount of a wetting agent.
7, do a good job of pesticide mixture preparation safety, compatibility and effectiveness records, including pesticide formulations, spray additives, dosages. Improper use or excessive use of spray aids may result in reduced efficacy or phytotoxicity. Carefully read the labels of pesticides and auxiliaries to ensure that the auxiliaries selected match the site of application, the target pests, the medicinal machinery, and the pesticides used.
The correct process for selecting pesticide spray additives
1. What is the target?
2, read the pesticide label
a, Is there a recommended additive?
b. Which type of auxiliaries can be used for the pesticide?
3. Is it an additive?
a, no
No recommendations on pesticide labels
Water quality can
Optimal spray coverage area
Suitable spray environment
No expert advice
b, yes
Read the spray aid label
Active ingredients
Compatible with pesticides
Dosage
Whether the target is weed or crop
4, penetrant
For herbicides
Assist in systemic herbicides
Rain-resistant
5, super dispersant
Reduce water usage
Improve penetration of plants
Consult expert opinions
6, wetting agent / exhibiting agent
For wax/hard to wet targets
Lightly harmful to crops
The dosage form may already contain a wetting agent
7, adhesive / special effects
Sustained for several hours of rainfall affecting efficacy
For contact pesticides
Applying medications near the harvest may increase the persistence of pesticide residues
8, buffer / acidifier
Reduce the pH of the water
Buffer spray solution
Promote the compatibility of the mixture
9, water softener / blending agent
Soften hard water
Purify dirty water
Improve pesticide compatibility
In conclusion, the correct selection and use of pesticide spray additives is very important.
At present, the most used pesticide spray aid is agricultural silicone.
Third, how to determine the pesticide application time?
In the period of pests: For pests, the period of emergence of pests is the period of egg hatching, the period of larvae, and the period of adult growth. After all, the effect of drug control is most obvious, depending on the specific situation. In principle, it is necessary to control the living habits of pests, and it is carried out at the stage where the most harmful insects are easily killed and can effectively control the damage. For example, the control of armyworms, spraying at the peak of egg hatching, although the effect of hatching larvae is good, but not necessarily effective for late hatching larvae, and when the larvae 2-3 years old peak, spraying drugs, one prevention It can solve the pest problem. For example, when controlling cotton bollworm, the newly hatched larvae should be drilled into the bud bell in a short period of time. If the larva is used at the peak of 2-3 years old, the control effect is very poor, and the drug is used at the peak of the egg hatching period. The control effect is especially obvious; rice aphids and Spodoptera litura are also the same.
When controlling pests, it should usually be used before the peak period of larvae 2-3 years old, and some should be controlled after the peak period of egg hatching. At this time, the application can get twice the result with half the effort. The main causes are:
First, the younger pests are thin at the 3rd instar body, and there are many micro-hairs on the body wall. The epidermis of the micro-hair-forming part is very thin, and the agent can easily pass through this layer, and at this time, the insects Small body, large amount of food, light damage, small field of activity, weak resistance to drugs (drug resistance), so the appropriate period for controlling pests should be controlled before the peak of 2-3 years, and some should be controlled in egg block The best control effect can be achieved before and after the peak period. When the pests reach 4-6 years old, the food intake and body wall thickness of the pests are greatly increased, and the thickness can reach 50-100 times of the 1st instar larvae, and the micro hairs on the body wall are also absent, so that the medicament is not easy to adhere. In the body wall and through the body wall, it is more difficult to reach the body of the pest, and at the same time, the resistance (resistance) of the pest is also greatly increased, thereby greatly affecting the insecticidal effect of the medicament.
Second, after the age of the pest increases, the amount of fat in the insect body also increases, and it has the function of backlogging and decomposing many pesticides. The higher the body fat content of the pest, the more obvious this effect is, and the stronger the resistance (resistance).
Third, the sensitive period of natural enemies: During the period when the natural enemies of the pests are sensitive to the chemical reaction, the medicine should be used as little as possible or not, so as to protect the natural enemies and maintain the ecological balance in the field.
The fourth is the disease-producing period: for diseases, the growth period of susceptible diseases is the best period of chemical control. If the seedling stage is most susceptible to bacterial blight, it can be mixed with fungicides before planting or sprayed at the seedling stage; and the flowering period is also the peak period of disease infection. Therefore, it is necessary to control the focus of the drug during the flowering period. Prevention and control, control the occurrence and spread of diseases.
The fifth is the sensitive period of weeds: the application of herbicides should usually be controlled during the sensitive period of weeds. For weeds that are seed-grown, the herbicides are more sensitive to herbicides during the shoot and seedling stages. Therefore, this period is often the time for herbicides. Usually control is good after sowing seedlings or weeds 1-2 leaves. When using broad-spectrum herbicides, such as gram-free, glyphosate, and nutrient, it should be used when the weeds are flourishing during the growing season. The herbicidal effect is obvious and the long-lasting effect is long. If weeds are used to control weeds in spring and summer, it is best to spray herbicides at the beginning of weeds.
Sixth is the fasting period of the rodent. In terms of effective rodent control, the release of drug lords should be better in the rat fasting stage. Years of experiments have confirmed that the best effect of rodent control in spring is because the winter storage of the rodent is depleted, and the feeding of poisonous cockroaches is more corresponding. At the same time, the rodent in spring can also reduce the cardinal number and protect the normal emergence and safe growth of spring-sown crops. .
Seven is the plant safety period. The safety of the agent to the plant is a prerequisite for determining the timing of the application. When applying pesticides, it is necessary to select the period during which the crop has strong resistance to the medicament, so as not to cause crop phytotoxicity.
Eight is the security interval. The application period of pesticides should also be based on the safe use standards of pesticides, and the control should be applied during the safety interval to avoid excessive pesticide residues, resulting in undesirable results.
Fourth, the application of bacterial bio-pesticides to see "sky"
Bacterial pesticides are biological pesticides with high insecticidal rate, no pollution to the environment, no poisoning of humans and animals, and no resistance to pests. However, the insecticidal action of bacterial pesticides is related to the number and activity of bacteria, and the meteorological conditions such as weather and sunlight are very strict when used. To improve the efficacy of bacterial bio-pesticide, the following issues must be noted when using:
Temperature condition
The suitable temperature for the spraying of bacterial bio-pesticide is 20 °C ~ 30 °C, because the active ingredients of this kind of pesticide are protein crystals and living spores. At low temperature, spores are very slow in the growth of pests, and protein crystals are not easy to occur. effect. Tests have shown that bacterial biologic pesticides are applied at 25 ° C to 30 ° C, and the pharmacodynamics ratio is 1 to 2 times higher than that at 10 ° C to 15 ° C.
Humidity condition
The use of bacterial biologics pesticides, the greater the environmental humidity, the higher the efficacy, especially the application of powdered biological pesticides, because the bacterial spores are not resistant to dry environmental conditions, so sprayed bacteria powder should be carried out in the morning and evening when there is dew. In order to facilitate the bacterial agent to adhere to the base leaf, and promote spore reproduction, improve drug efficacy.
Sunlight condition
Ultraviolet rays in the sun have a killing effect on spores, direct sunlight for 30 minutes, spore mortality of about 50%, and mortality of up to 80% after 1 hour of irradiation. In addition, ultraviolet radiation also has denaturing and reducing effects on spore crystals. Therefore, it is best to apply the biologic pesticides after 5 pm or on cloudy days.
Rain conditions
Medium to heavy rain will wash away the bacteria sprayed on the foliage, reducing the efficacy, but if it rains 5 hours after application, it will not reduce the control effect, but have synergistic effect.
More pesticide knowledge , please pay attention to China Pesticide Network
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