In recent years, Yanzhou Mining (Group) Co., Ltd. has studied and applied a series of new technologies in the geological exploration of coal fields and mining areas, and achieved good results.
1 Coalfield geological exploration
1) Exciting the intensification method for geophysical prospecting
Shandong Institute of Coal Science carried out experimental research on the effect of inferring polarization to infer coal seam formation. After experimental detection and practical application, it is proved that the application of excitation intensification method for geophysical prospecting can not only measure apparent resistivity, but also simultaneously measure The polarizability, excitation ratio and attenuation make the difference in the induced electrical effect between the coal-bearing strata and the non-coal strata more obvious. Compared with other methods, it greatly improves the work efficiency, saves a lot of drilling exploration costs, and has good economic and social benefits. The sedimentary strata in the coalfields of Shandong Province are generally Quaternary, Tertiary, Cretaceous, Jurassic, Permian and Ordovician, and the Carboniferous Permian strata are the main coal-bearing strata. The Carboniferous Taiyuan Formation is dominated by mudstone, siltstone and shale, generally containing 5-6 layers of coal, most of which are thin coal seams; the Permian Shanxi Formation is dominated by sandstone, containing 2 to 3 layers of coal, and the thickness of coal seams is generally More than 3m, it is a thick coal seam, and it is also the main coal mining layer in the province.
In the research process of this subject, in order to understand the anomalous characteristics of non-coal strata in the non-coal strata, they conducted multiple and multiple experiments in the non-coal strata sedimentary areas such as the Tertiary, Cretaceous and Ordovician. Electrical parameters, apparent resistivity, excitation ratio and polarizability have been studied in recent years. The results show that the apparent resistivity curves of the three formations are different, but the polarizability and excitation ratio curves are both a gentle curve, and In order to grasp the IP characteristics of coal-bearing strata, they chose the Permian Shanxi Formation and the Carboniferous Taiyuan Formation with a depth of more than 150m as the target of the detection test, respectively, for coal seam thickness, coal seam depth and other factors. The influence of the change on the abnormality of the IP parameters was studied and analyzed. The results show that under the same conditions, the thicker the coal seam and the shallower the buried depth of the coal seam, the greater the polarizability and excitation ratio of the coal seam. In recent years, the Shandong Institute of Coal Science has applied geophysical prospecting to find coal in the periphery of some mining areas in the province. Among them, more than 30 different blocks in Linyi and Zaozhuang have been used for coal search. effect.
2) Research and application of coalfield seismic method in mine development and exploration
The high-precision index of mechanized coal mining puts forward high technical requirements for coalfield earthquakes. It is necessary to study an effective method for adapting mine development seismic exploration to explore the subtle geological structure of mining to meet the needs of mine development. Quzhou Mining (Group) Co., Ltd. geological engineering company has repeatedly researched, practiced and verified, using high explosive explosives and high frequency detectors, small explosives and small track and small sampling rate, less combined detection and less cover times, deep buried detection The two high, three small and one small deep field construction methods have better solved the exploration of fine structures and provided accurate geological data for mine construction and development. The technical requirements for the development of earthquakes in coal mines are not only very strict, but the information provided will be verified immediately on the roadway development and coal mining face, and the results of the verification will be used as a criterion for evaluating the quality of the earthquake. Therefore, seismic exploration in mining areas must be based on high-resolution exploration to ensure interpretation of geological phenomena such as coal seam depth, small structures, small amplitude fluctuations, and coal seam wash belts. Taking the Yanzhou mining area as an example, the original geological report describes that the six mining areas of Xinglongzhuang Mine have a simple structure with only two faults, F2 and F12. The design department designed five coal mining faces according to geological data. Later, through the high-resolution seismic exploration of two high, three small, one deep and one deep, 42 new breakpoints were found, and 10 faults were combined and connected, and 9 faults were all less than 10m, which negated the F12 fault and strengthened the F2 fault. control. After three holes and roadway development verification, the accuracy of seismic exploration results is high. The depth error of 3 coal seams is less than 3m, and the fault of plane fault is about 10m, which greatly enhances the mine's trust in seismic data. Finally, according to the complex structure provided by the seismic data, Xinglongzhuang Mine actively modified the development design plan, removed 3.5 coal mining faces, and retained only 1.5 coal mining faces. Due to the accurate information provided for the rational layout of the mine, the exploration results saved the mine construction project costs of 1.069 million yuan.
3) High-resolution sequence stratigraphy and sea level variation control in the Luxi continental surface
Shandong University of Science and Technology and Zhangzhou Mining (Group) Co., Ltd. Geological Engineering Company carried out the study of “high-resolution sequence stratigraphy and sea level change control in the Luxi land surface seaâ€, based on the borehole core and logging data for the Luxi continental sea basin The high-resolution sequence stratigraphic division of coal-bearing strata was carried out, and the characteristics and control factors of high-resolution sequence stratigraphy were studied. The study shows that the different levels of the sub-cycles in the sedimentary sequence of the Luxi continental surface are superimposed on each other, with characteristic low-frequency and high-frequency sequence superposition patterns; this superimposed cyclic structure is controlled by overlapping sea level change periods, ie composite Sea level change. The sea level change cycle exhibits an asymmetrical sudden rise to a slow fall rhythm, forming an asymmetrical cycle record. There are three sets of sedimentary combinations of iron-aluminum variegated sedimentary combination, continental-sea-alternary sedimentary combination and shallow-water delta sedimentary combination in the surface sediments of the Luxi continental surface. Among them, the shallow water delta sedimentary combination contains important coal seams, which are the main recoverable coal seams in Luxi. Using the ideas and methods of high-resolution sequence stratigraphy, the researchers carried out high-resolution sequence stratigraphic division of coal-bearing strata in the Luxi continental surface sea basin, and divided the Luxi land surface sea filling sequence into basin filling sequence and structure. Sequence, sequence, small sequence group, small sequence, micro-sequence six-level sequence. Three sequences can be identified in the coal-bearing strata in the Luxi continental sea, which constitutes a structural sequence. This study shows that the clear cyclical characteristics of the filling sediments in the surface basin of the Luxi area indicate the control of sedimentation by sea level changes. The superposition of different levels of sub-cycles in the filling sequence of the Lubeihai Basin reflects the control mechanism of the composite sea level change. The sediments of the Lubeihai Basin are controlled by sea level fluctuations, tectonic subsidence, and sediment supply rates. Under the background of stable structural settlement, sea level change becomes a direct controlling factor for basin filling and sedimentation. In general, the sea level rise and fall changes the spatial growth rate of the space and the cyclical changes of the seabed water environment, thus forming a clear cycle record of sea and land, which is the basis for high-resolution sequence division.
2 Mining area geological exploration
1) Application of comprehensive geological exploration methods in coal mine production
Yanzhou Mining (Group) Co., Ltd. Jining No. 3 Coal Mine applied comprehensive geological exploration methods, in order to timely identify the geological structure affecting production, master the occurrence of coal seams and use ground three-dimensional geophysical exploration methods, underground multi-purpose exploration, multi-purpose exploration, drilling and underground Geophysical and other means to obtain reliable geological data, providing a strong geological guarantee for safe and efficient production. 1 Ground drilling. In order to further investigate the geology of the minefield, especially the structure, the erosion of the coal seam, the improvement of the reserve level and the identification of the hydrogeological characteristics of the minefield, the ground drilling was carried out according to the production connection, and a total of 51 drilling holes were constructed, with a total engineering volume of 44551m. It supplements the insufficiency of inspecting geological exploration data and provides first-hand geological data for mine safety production. 2 Ground seismic exploration in the mining area. Before the design of the mining area, the ground structure 2D seismic exploration, ground 3D seismic exploration and ground transient electromagnetic exploration are used to find out the structural morphology and fault development law of the mining area, and find out the occurrence of coal seam and the shape of the floor slab. The water-bearing aquifer affecting the exploitation is evaluated, and the water hazard prevention measures are proposed to provide reliable geological data for the design of the mining area. 3 Underground multi-purpose roadway construction and drilling. By adopting different detection methods, we can make full use of the excavation and exploration of the geological conditions in the mining area in the roadway, even if we provide detailed information for the layout of the work surface. 4 Excavation roadway advanced detection. Through the distribution characteristics of the power field of the observation point, the purpose of analyzing the abnormal distribution position in front of the head is obtained, and the detection situation is basically consistent with the actual exposure of the geological situation. 5 Downhole working face audio and electric penetration. The principle of direct current electric detection is adopted. According to the difference of electrical conductivity between coal and rock layers, the distribution law of artificial field source is observed to achieve better results. 6 seismic wave CT detection of the working face. And mine seismic wave reflection migration imaging technology is one of the mine geophysical techniques that can effectively detect geological anomalies such as faults in coal mining face. Through post-harvest comparison, it is basically consistent with the actual situation. 7 Special studies. Actively cooperate with universities and research institutes to carry out special research on various geological factors that have an impact on safety production. The results are used in practice to guide mine safety production.
2) Application of variance body technology in seismic exploration
China University of Mining and Technology has compiled an application program for seismic data processing using variance body technology. Through the application of the mining area of ​​Jining No. 2 Coal Mine of Yanzhou Mining (Group) Co., Ltd., it has a good ability to identify faults and collapse columns, reflecting the variance body. The technology has a good effect on the automatic picking up of 3D seismic information and improving the accuracy of seismic data interpretation results. The 3D seismic data volume reflects the reflection of a regular network in the ground. When there is a subsurface fault or a discontinuous change in a local area, the reflection characteristics of some seismic traces will be different from the reflection characteristics of the nearby seismic traces, resulting in local discontinuity of the seismic trace. The core of the variance body technique is to find the variance value of all the samples of the entire three-dimensional data volume. The steps are as follows: firstly, the variance value of each sample is obtained, that is, the variance between the average main values ​​calculated by the point and all the samples in the time window of the surrounding adjacent seismic traces, and then weighted and normalized. Get the value you want. The result of the calculation of the variance body is the variance value of the weighted movement. The variance of each time or depth sample is calculated in the region of interest. For example, add one channel (9 lanes in total) around the road, and take the sample point as the number of samples in the length of the upper and lower half of the window (assuming sampling for 1ms, the length of the window is 30ms), first Find the average value of the amplitude of the corresponding sample in the length of 30 ms in each of the 9 channels, and then calculate the variance of the amplitude value of each sample in the 9-channel time window and the average value of the amplitude in 9 channels at the same time. Finally, Multiply the weighted value of the sinusoidal trigonometric function and normalize it to obtain the variance value of the sample. The variance value of each sample point of the entire three-dimensional data volume is calculated by the formula, and finally the three-dimensional variance data volume is obtained. The three-dimensional variance data body can clearly and accurately display the distribution pattern and variation trend of the fault. The use of this technology enables the interpreter to have a comprehensive understanding and understanding of the distribution of faults in the survey area before the interpretation of the seismic data, and to establish a three-dimensional concept of the geometry of the fault space structure.
3) Using seismic wave technology to detect geological structures in the working face downhole
Yanzhou Mining (Group) Co., Ltd. Jining No. 3 Coal Mine improved the use of downhole seismic detection technology, and found out the combined extension of faults in 63 working faces, and submitted detailed geological data to the working face for safety measures in advance. Safe and efficient production provides a favorable guarantee. According to the site conditions, the excitation observation system is received by the tape groove, the auxiliary groove and the cut-eye arrangement of the 63 lower 04 working face. Excitation point arrangement: the gun point is arranged northward along the junction of the tape slot and the drain lane, and the shot point is arranged southward along the boundary between the auxiliary slot and the cut-eye line. The average point distance is 10m, totaling 120 shot points. Receiving point arrangement: Corresponding to the shot point, the detection point is arranged at the end of the tape close to the cut-eye end and the auxiliary chute discharge lane, totaling 120, and the average point distance is 10m. Seismic wave exploration requires that each receiving point be placed in the center of the coal seam. During the construction, the steel brazing is driven into the coal seam, the steel brazing is parallel to the top and bottom plates, and the sensor is fixed on the steel brazing to make the sensor coupling well. The hole diameter of the shot is 42mm, and the shock is excited by the shot point as the excitation point. The detection point is the receiving point and the TZBS series sensor is placed. In the on-site data collection, the tape machine and the pump are closed in time to minimize the influence of the mechanical vibration of the belt machine and the pump on the collected signal. Seismic CT is mainly based on longitudinal wave velocity and shear wave velocity CT slice, and is comprehensively explained by Poisson's ratio inversion slice and groove wave feature value slice. Because the ray distribution in the inversion region is not uniform, the effect of the fault inversion parallel to the observation system is relatively poor. Therefore, the seismic reflection profile detection is added to the detection to compensate for the shortcomings of the seismic CT in the data processing. According to the results of the inversion, the results of the comprehensive interpretation are made: 1 Three of the four low-speed anomalies have a certain impact on the face mining, and one has little impact on the face mining. 2 The two stress concentration areas located in the drainage roadway and the cutting hole respectively have a certain impact on the working face mining. 3 Explain that all 11 faults are normal faults. Among them, 6# falls 0～5m, the in-plane extension length exceeds 260m, and 5# is 6# branch, which should be the same fault, which has a great influence on the working face mining; 2# drop 0～6.5m, in-plane extension length Not more than 230m, and 3# is a 2# branch, but its extension length in the working plane exceeds 450m. These two faults also have a great influence on the working face mining.
4) Study on the characteristics of overburden mining failure in the mining area of ​​Nantun Mine
Yanzhou Mining (Group) Co., Ltd. Nanxun Coal Mine based on the geological mining conditions of the Jiu mining area, based on the preliminary prediction of the height of the water-conducting fracture zone of the 93 01 working surface, using the continuous conductivity profile measurement system, through the earth resistivity inversion section Chromatogram analysis studied the morphology and extent of the overburden fracture zone under the fully mechanized top coal caving mining conditions of 93 Upper 01 working face, which provided a reference for further study of the fault characteristics of overlying strata under similar conditions. According to the terrain conditions, the survey designed two lines with a length of 340m along the direction of the vertical working surface. The measuring lines are 50m apart and the measuring points are 20m apart. The exploration work was carried out about two months after the mining of the working face, and the total physical point of exploration was 36. Processing by Fourier analysis is mainly divided into three steps. 1 Elimination of interference signals. There are two methods: editing the acquired time series signal, directly eliminating the distortion signal; editing the apparent resistivity curve, directly eliminating the frequency points of individual jumps. 2 Correction of the near field source. The near-field source signal is also an artificial or natural interference signal, but it is a relatively stable interference source, which may be caused by an unknown strong signal source appearing near the measurement site, or it may be caused by the transmission antenna being too close. In the wild, due to the limitations of working conditions, sometimes these two situations cannot be avoided, and they have to be eliminated in the later data processing. 3 Data inversion interpretation. The detection was processed by EH4 dedicated data processing system EMAGE-2D, and the inversion was combined with each other. The inversion was performed using Bostik inversion and RRI inversion to deeply calibrate the apparent resistivity profile frequency axis. The height of the two zones of the falling zone and the water-conducting fracture zone can be seen from the inversion cross-section chromatogram of the magnetotelluric sounding resistivity of the two lines. The results of this study show that the shape of the water-conducting fracture zone of the working face is approximately trapezoidal, which is somewhat different from the traditional saying that the saddle shape. The reason is that geophysical exploration is based on the physical properties of the rock formation (this time is the resistivity of the rock formation), and there are some errors with the fracture morphology of the actual rock formation.
5) Comprehensive exploration to improve the geological exploration effect of mining area
Yanzhou Mining (Group) Co., Ltd. Jining No. 3 Coal Mine adopts a comprehensive exploration method combining three-dimensional geophysical exploration, road exploration and drilling to carry out supplementary exploration for the Wu mining area, providing high-speed and low-cost geology required for production in a short time. data. The Jining coalfield was discovered 50 years ago. In 1957, the Shandong Provincial Coal Industry Bureau conducted a census exploration here. In November 1983, the entire minefield geological report was officially submitted. Most of the Wu mining area is located in the Nanyang Lake area. Due to the limitation of surface conditions, only a small amount of geological drilling is constructed during the intensive inspection stage, and the corresponding hydrogeological work is lacking. In order to meet the needs of production, the geological problems urgently needed to be solved in the supplementary mining of the Wuqu area include: identifying the structural form and fracture development law of the mining area; ascertaining the occurrence of the main coal seam and the undulation state of the floor; 3 the lithologic characteristics of the roof of the coal seam and Its engineering geological characteristics; evaluation of the 3 coal slab sandstone, the upper Jurassic red shale conglomerate, the three ash, the ten ash rich water. According to the characteristics of relatively stable coal seams in the Wu mining area, they adopted the underground tunneling as the mainstay, supplemented by drilling, combined with the needs of mine mining to arrange the exploration of the roadway to detect the occurrence of coal seams; after 3D seismic exploration and the northern roadway of the mining area Control, combined with the comprehensive analysis of drilling data in the area, interpret 35 faults; through the 3D seismic exploration and exploration data, combined with the borehole interpretation of the four folds; supplementary drilling full hole core for laboratory measurement, comprehensive assessment 3 The coal roof is medium-stable-stabilized roof; 4 hydrogeological boreholes are constructed. After 3D seismic exploration, transient electromagnetic tests are carried out on the area, the water-rich area is circled, and the water-rich area is comprehensively evaluated. After 15 months of comprehensive exploration, 4 ground drilling holes were drilled, the drilling engineering capacity was 2984.45m, the pumping test was 7 times, the roadway project was 2000m, and the underground drilling hole was 8 (drilling length 320m). Three-dimensional seismic geophysical exploration was carried out on the whole area. The transient electromagnetic test obtained the geological data required for production. Practice shows that: using comprehensive exploration means, geophysical exploration precedes drilling, and underground drilling precedes ground drilling. Geophysical exploration, drilling and road exploration combine to greatly shorten the exploration period, reduce exploration costs and improve exploration results.
3 drilling construction
1) Control of hole inclination in ultra-thick loose layer drilling in Juye Coalfield
The Quaternary and Tertiary strata in Juye Coalfield are 758.10m thick, which is the thickest loose layer in the country. The resource exploration boreholes of the coalfields must pass through the Quaternary and Tertiary strata, and have high requirements for key processes such as anti-hole slope and loose layer adoption rate. If the hole inclination is required, the slope should not exceed 0.8%, and it is easy to exceed the limit when the formation conditions are poor. The geological engineering company of Zhangzhou Mining (Group) Co., Ltd. is aiming at the technical difficulties of ultra-thick loose layer drilling construction, strictly guarding the anti-slanting, grasping the key links such as installation and drilling tool combination, finally controlling the hole inclination without exceeding the limit, and improving the drilling. Breakthroughs in efficiency, drilling and straightening have been explored, and a more mature construction technology has been explored to achieve high quality and efficiency. They slanted the control hole during the drilling process against the anti-slope. The key points of anti-slanting are to grasp the following points: 1 Drilling tower and rig installation: The tower foundation and wellhead are reinforced for the characteristics of many drilling work items, long working time and large rig load in casing operation. Cement piers are built at the four corners of the tower and the wellhead, and the theodolite is leveled to increase the bearing area of ​​the four corners to prevent uneven settlement. When the rig is installed, the horizontal and positive "three hearts" are guaranteed. 2 Drill assembly: When selecting the drill, follow the principle of rigid, long, thick, heavy and straight. The drill collar adopts three specifications of Φ68mm, Φ105mm and Φ178mm, and is adjusted according to the size of the aperture. During construction, check whether the core tube and the lowermost drill collar are bent after connection. If the bending is found, replace it in time. Due to the number of pumping holes in the wellbore inspection, there are many times of changing the diameter. It is easy to increase the hole inclination when changing the diameter. Therefore, when changing the diameter, the deep-eye guiding drilling tool with the length of not less than 2m is taken, and special attention is paid to the inspection of the small-diameter drilling tool. Whether it is coaxial with the guiding drill, pay attention to replacement when different shafts. Drilling drilling tool combination: drill bit - core tube - centralizer - drill collar (1 single root) - centralizer - drill collar (6 ~ 8 single root) - drill pipe - vertical shaft. Reducing drilling tool combination: drill bit - small diameter core tube - large diameter centralizer - drill collar (1 single root) - large diameter centralizer - drill collar (6 ~ 8 single root) - drill pipe - vertical shaft. 3 Fixed point inclination and correction: The special inclination measuring instrument is used in the construction process of the wellbore inspection hole. The slope is measured once every 50~100m. See the bedrock, pass through the bedrock weathering zone and the fracture zone, and change the diameter. .
2) Application of diamond drill bit in igneous rock drilling
In the Jining No. 2 coal mine and the Jining No. 3 coal mine field, the Jurassic strata generally invaded thick layered igneous rocks with high hardness. The mining engineering company of Zhangzhou Mining (Group) Co., Ltd. mostly uses alloy drill bits in drilling construction. The consumption of abrasive materials is large, and there are often accidents such as stuck drills and core tubes “scraping the neckâ€. In particular, some of the boreholes are distributed in the lake area and are affected by flood seasons, strong winds and freezing, especially in fast and safe drilling. After drilling with a diamond drill bit, due to insufficient understanding of the diamond drill bit, the drilling efficiency of the diamond drill with the ordinary structure is not high. Later, through the study of the characteristics of igneous rock and the performance of diamond drill bits, diamond drill bits and drilling procedures suitable for igneous rock drilling were finally found. In the igneous rock drilling of Jiji and Jisanjingtian, the suitable drill type is the drilled diamond single-action double-tube drill bit, and the suitable carcass hardness is 20~35HRC. This conclusion also applies to the dense ash of other layers. Drilling of rock, sandstone, meteorite, etc. Although it seems that the cost per metre of the alloy drill bit is low, considering the factors such as the wear of the core tube, the treatment of the detached core, the oxygen acetylene used in the alloy, and the working hours, the overall cost is much greater than the diamond drilling. When selecting a diamond drill bit, in addition to the characteristics of the diamond grade, the hardness of the carcass, the shape of the lip surface, the area of ​​the nozzle, etc., the following points should also be noted: Consider the number of drill bits according to the drilling structure and rock formation characteristics. Need to drill the drill once, first use the outer diameter of the large inner diameter is small; the first time into the hole, it is necessary to gently press the slow drill for 10~15min, the ruler 0.2~0.3m and then use the normal drilling parameters; when the matching circlip is selected, The free inner diameter of the circlip should be 0.3~0.4mm smaller than the inner diameter of the drill; the outer diameter of the reamer is 0.3~0.5mm larger than the outer diameter of the drill, and the lower limit is taken when drilling hard rock; Drill bit; pay attention to the sealing of the drill pipe joint, butter or wrap if necessary; use high quality chemical mud to drill. In addition, in the geological hole, if the core is drilled with a rope, the efficiency will be higher.
3) Application of hard rock drilling technology in Yanzhou mining area
The geological engineering team of Yanzhou Mining (Group) Co., Ltd. summarized the relatively optimal selection of drill bit, drilling pressure and drilling tool combination and the selection of different diamond drill bits for hard rock formations in the drilling construction in the hard rock formation of Yanzhou mining area. A good result. There are many factors influencing the choice of weight-on-bit. The following factors should be considered separately when determining the weight-on-bit: Rock properties—When drilling in soft and weakly abrasive rock formations, a smaller weight-on-bit should be used, which is complete, hard to hard. Or strong abrasive rock layers such as conglomerate and igneous rock should be selected with appropriate large drilling pressure, and the drilling pressure should be appropriately reduced for broken, cracked and heterogeneous rock layers. Drill type - When the drill bit diameter is large, the wall thickness and the carcass are soft, a larger weight is required; otherwise, a smaller weight is used. Diamond - When the structural quality on the drill bit is good, the quantity is large, and the particle size is large, a larger drilling pressure should be used; otherwise, a smaller drilling pressure should be used. The area of ​​the rock taken - the area of ​​the drill actually taken from the rock depends on its size, wall thickness and size of the nozzle. In general, when the area of ​​the drill stone is large, a large weight-on-bit pressure should be applied. A reasonable combination of drills is beneficial to ensure that the holes are straight, the bottom of the holes is pressurized, the wear of the drills is reduced, the walls of the holes are protected, and accidents in the holes are reduced. They used the following drilling tool combinations in the use of artificial impregnated diamond core drills, and achieved good results. Φ94mm or Φ113mm diamond drill bit Φ94mm or Φ113mm diamond reamer - or Φ108mm core tube - reducer joint - Φ94mm or Φ113mm centralizer - Φ83mm guide drill 铤 - Φ94mm or Φ113mm centralizer - Φ83mm guide drill 铤 - Φ94mm or Φ113mm Centralizer - Φ68mm drill collar - reducer joint - drill pipe - vertical shaft. According to their experience in drilling and construction in the hard rock formations of Yanzhou mining area, in the hard rock formations, the suitable drills are drilled diamond single-action double-tube drills, and the suitable carcass hardness is 20-35HRC. It is also suitable for drilling of dense limestone, sandstone and vermiculite in other layers; although it seems that the cost per metre of the alloy drill bit is lower, consider the wear of the core tube, the treatment of the falling core and the welding alloy. After the oxygen and acetylene and other auxiliary materials and working hours and other factors, the comprehensive cost is much greater than the diamond drill bit.
4) Development of drilling facilities for large-scale water bodies
In order to meet the urgent need for geological drilling construction under large-area water bodies, Ganzhou Mining (Group) Co., Ltd. Geological Engineering Company has developed facilities for drilling construction such as sink tower type water drilling platform, combined iron ship and ship crane in recent years. After 38 construction tests, no safety problems have occurred, which proves that the design of these facilities is reasonable. The completion of these projects marks that the company's water exploration capability has reached the advanced level in the domestic industry, laying a solid foundation for the construction of similar drilling projects in the future. 1 Tower-type water drilling platform. A robust drilling platform is required for geological drilling in water. Moreover, in order to adapt to the characteristics of shallow water, the drilling platform should be easily disassembled and easy to transport and install. To this end, they designed and built a combined pylon drilling platform to support and fix the drilling facilities, providing the necessary space for drilling operations on the water, and played a significant role in the exploration and construction of the lake. 2 Combined iron boat. The drilling holes in the exploration area are just within the fish pond. The larger tonnage transport vessels cannot be easily and timely transferred from one fish pond to another, and the fishermen’s boats cannot reach the exploration and transportation installation. Load requirements. Considering the timeliness of exploration projects and the convenience of saving and transporting, they designed and built a combined iron boat. The ship is characterized by its ability to adapt to the transportation requirements of drilling materials, and can transport more than 10 tons of materials at a time; it can be easily dismantled, and can be quickly transferred from one place to another by trucks; the drilling task is completed. In the future, it can be conveniently transported back to the base. 3 boat cranes. For the same reason, the lifting of the equipment can not be completed by large hoisting vessels. First, the cost is high, and the second is that it is not convenient to transfer and transport. Therefore, they also designed and manufactured the hoisting vessel that adapts to the characteristics of water drilling. The structure of the hull is similar to the above-mentioned combined transport iron ship, but it is more flexible and applicable. It can be driven not only by the pulping machine, but also by its own generator to drive the electric winch and lighting.
1 Coalfield geological exploration
1) Exciting the intensification method for geophysical prospecting
Shandong Institute of Coal Science carried out experimental research on the effect of inferring polarization to infer coal seam formation. After experimental detection and practical application, it is proved that the application of excitation intensification method for geophysical prospecting can not only measure apparent resistivity, but also simultaneously measure The polarizability, excitation ratio and attenuation make the difference in the induced electrical effect between the coal-bearing strata and the non-coal strata more obvious. Compared with other methods, it greatly improves the work efficiency, saves a lot of drilling exploration costs, and has good economic and social benefits. The sedimentary strata in the coalfields of Shandong Province are generally Quaternary, Tertiary, Cretaceous, Jurassic, Permian and Ordovician, and the Carboniferous Permian strata are the main coal-bearing strata. The Carboniferous Taiyuan Formation is dominated by mudstone, siltstone and shale, generally containing 5-6 layers of coal, most of which are thin coal seams; the Permian Shanxi Formation is dominated by sandstone, containing 2 to 3 layers of coal, and the thickness of coal seams is generally More than 3m, it is a thick coal seam, and it is also the main coal mining layer in the province.
In the research process of this subject, in order to understand the anomalous characteristics of non-coal strata in the non-coal strata, they conducted multiple and multiple experiments in the non-coal strata sedimentary areas such as the Tertiary, Cretaceous and Ordovician. Electrical parameters, apparent resistivity, excitation ratio and polarizability have been studied in recent years. The results show that the apparent resistivity curves of the three formations are different, but the polarizability and excitation ratio curves are both a gentle curve, and In order to grasp the IP characteristics of coal-bearing strata, they chose the Permian Shanxi Formation and the Carboniferous Taiyuan Formation with a depth of more than 150m as the target of the detection test, respectively, for coal seam thickness, coal seam depth and other factors. The influence of the change on the abnormality of the IP parameters was studied and analyzed. The results show that under the same conditions, the thicker the coal seam and the shallower the buried depth of the coal seam, the greater the polarizability and excitation ratio of the coal seam. In recent years, the Shandong Institute of Coal Science has applied geophysical prospecting to find coal in the periphery of some mining areas in the province. Among them, more than 30 different blocks in Linyi and Zaozhuang have been used for coal search. effect.
2) Research and application of coalfield seismic method in mine development and exploration
The high-precision index of mechanized coal mining puts forward high technical requirements for coalfield earthquakes. It is necessary to study an effective method for adapting mine development seismic exploration to explore the subtle geological structure of mining to meet the needs of mine development. Quzhou Mining (Group) Co., Ltd. geological engineering company has repeatedly researched, practiced and verified, using high explosive explosives and high frequency detectors, small explosives and small track and small sampling rate, less combined detection and less cover times, deep buried detection The two high, three small and one small deep field construction methods have better solved the exploration of fine structures and provided accurate geological data for mine construction and development. The technical requirements for the development of earthquakes in coal mines are not only very strict, but the information provided will be verified immediately on the roadway development and coal mining face, and the results of the verification will be used as a criterion for evaluating the quality of the earthquake. Therefore, seismic exploration in mining areas must be based on high-resolution exploration to ensure interpretation of geological phenomena such as coal seam depth, small structures, small amplitude fluctuations, and coal seam wash belts. Taking the Yanzhou mining area as an example, the original geological report describes that the six mining areas of Xinglongzhuang Mine have a simple structure with only two faults, F2 and F12. The design department designed five coal mining faces according to geological data. Later, through the high-resolution seismic exploration of two high, three small, one deep and one deep, 42 new breakpoints were found, and 10 faults were combined and connected, and 9 faults were all less than 10m, which negated the F12 fault and strengthened the F2 fault. control. After three holes and roadway development verification, the accuracy of seismic exploration results is high. The depth error of 3 coal seams is less than 3m, and the fault of plane fault is about 10m, which greatly enhances the mine's trust in seismic data. Finally, according to the complex structure provided by the seismic data, Xinglongzhuang Mine actively modified the development design plan, removed 3.5 coal mining faces, and retained only 1.5 coal mining faces. Due to the accurate information provided for the rational layout of the mine, the exploration results saved the mine construction project costs of 1.069 million yuan.
3) High-resolution sequence stratigraphy and sea level variation control in the Luxi continental surface
Shandong University of Science and Technology and Zhangzhou Mining (Group) Co., Ltd. Geological Engineering Company carried out the study of “high-resolution sequence stratigraphy and sea level change control in the Luxi land surface seaâ€, based on the borehole core and logging data for the Luxi continental sea basin The high-resolution sequence stratigraphic division of coal-bearing strata was carried out, and the characteristics and control factors of high-resolution sequence stratigraphy were studied. The study shows that the different levels of the sub-cycles in the sedimentary sequence of the Luxi continental surface are superimposed on each other, with characteristic low-frequency and high-frequency sequence superposition patterns; this superimposed cyclic structure is controlled by overlapping sea level change periods, ie composite Sea level change. The sea level change cycle exhibits an asymmetrical sudden rise to a slow fall rhythm, forming an asymmetrical cycle record. There are three sets of sedimentary combinations of iron-aluminum variegated sedimentary combination, continental-sea-alternary sedimentary combination and shallow-water delta sedimentary combination in the surface sediments of the Luxi continental surface. Among them, the shallow water delta sedimentary combination contains important coal seams, which are the main recoverable coal seams in Luxi. Using the ideas and methods of high-resolution sequence stratigraphy, the researchers carried out high-resolution sequence stratigraphic division of coal-bearing strata in the Luxi continental surface sea basin, and divided the Luxi land surface sea filling sequence into basin filling sequence and structure. Sequence, sequence, small sequence group, small sequence, micro-sequence six-level sequence. Three sequences can be identified in the coal-bearing strata in the Luxi continental sea, which constitutes a structural sequence. This study shows that the clear cyclical characteristics of the filling sediments in the surface basin of the Luxi area indicate the control of sedimentation by sea level changes. The superposition of different levels of sub-cycles in the filling sequence of the Lubeihai Basin reflects the control mechanism of the composite sea level change. The sediments of the Lubeihai Basin are controlled by sea level fluctuations, tectonic subsidence, and sediment supply rates. Under the background of stable structural settlement, sea level change becomes a direct controlling factor for basin filling and sedimentation. In general, the sea level rise and fall changes the spatial growth rate of the space and the cyclical changes of the seabed water environment, thus forming a clear cycle record of sea and land, which is the basis for high-resolution sequence division.
2 Mining area geological exploration
1) Application of comprehensive geological exploration methods in coal mine production
Yanzhou Mining (Group) Co., Ltd. Jining No. 3 Coal Mine applied comprehensive geological exploration methods, in order to timely identify the geological structure affecting production, master the occurrence of coal seams and use ground three-dimensional geophysical exploration methods, underground multi-purpose exploration, multi-purpose exploration, drilling and underground Geophysical and other means to obtain reliable geological data, providing a strong geological guarantee for safe and efficient production. 1 Ground drilling. In order to further investigate the geology of the minefield, especially the structure, the erosion of the coal seam, the improvement of the reserve level and the identification of the hydrogeological characteristics of the minefield, the ground drilling was carried out according to the production connection, and a total of 51 drilling holes were constructed, with a total engineering volume of 44551m. It supplements the insufficiency of inspecting geological exploration data and provides first-hand geological data for mine safety production. 2 Ground seismic exploration in the mining area. Before the design of the mining area, the ground structure 2D seismic exploration, ground 3D seismic exploration and ground transient electromagnetic exploration are used to find out the structural morphology and fault development law of the mining area, and find out the occurrence of coal seam and the shape of the floor slab. The water-bearing aquifer affecting the exploitation is evaluated, and the water hazard prevention measures are proposed to provide reliable geological data for the design of the mining area. 3 Underground multi-purpose roadway construction and drilling. By adopting different detection methods, we can make full use of the excavation and exploration of the geological conditions in the mining area in the roadway, even if we provide detailed information for the layout of the work surface. 4 Excavation roadway advanced detection. Through the distribution characteristics of the power field of the observation point, the purpose of analyzing the abnormal distribution position in front of the head is obtained, and the detection situation is basically consistent with the actual exposure of the geological situation. 5 Downhole working face audio and electric penetration. The principle of direct current electric detection is adopted. According to the difference of electrical conductivity between coal and rock layers, the distribution law of artificial field source is observed to achieve better results. 6 seismic wave CT detection of the working face. And mine seismic wave reflection migration imaging technology is one of the mine geophysical techniques that can effectively detect geological anomalies such as faults in coal mining face. Through post-harvest comparison, it is basically consistent with the actual situation. 7 Special studies. Actively cooperate with universities and research institutes to carry out special research on various geological factors that have an impact on safety production. The results are used in practice to guide mine safety production.
2) Application of variance body technology in seismic exploration
China University of Mining and Technology has compiled an application program for seismic data processing using variance body technology. Through the application of the mining area of ​​Jining No. 2 Coal Mine of Yanzhou Mining (Group) Co., Ltd., it has a good ability to identify faults and collapse columns, reflecting the variance body. The technology has a good effect on the automatic picking up of 3D seismic information and improving the accuracy of seismic data interpretation results. The 3D seismic data volume reflects the reflection of a regular network in the ground. When there is a subsurface fault or a discontinuous change in a local area, the reflection characteristics of some seismic traces will be different from the reflection characteristics of the nearby seismic traces, resulting in local discontinuity of the seismic trace. The core of the variance body technique is to find the variance value of all the samples of the entire three-dimensional data volume. The steps are as follows: firstly, the variance value of each sample is obtained, that is, the variance between the average main values ​​calculated by the point and all the samples in the time window of the surrounding adjacent seismic traces, and then weighted and normalized. Get the value you want. The result of the calculation of the variance body is the variance value of the weighted movement. The variance of each time or depth sample is calculated in the region of interest. For example, add one channel (9 lanes in total) around the road, and take the sample point as the number of samples in the length of the upper and lower half of the window (assuming sampling for 1ms, the length of the window is 30ms), first Find the average value of the amplitude of the corresponding sample in the length of 30 ms in each of the 9 channels, and then calculate the variance of the amplitude value of each sample in the 9-channel time window and the average value of the amplitude in 9 channels at the same time. Finally, Multiply the weighted value of the sinusoidal trigonometric function and normalize it to obtain the variance value of the sample. The variance value of each sample point of the entire three-dimensional data volume is calculated by the formula, and finally the three-dimensional variance data volume is obtained. The three-dimensional variance data body can clearly and accurately display the distribution pattern and variation trend of the fault. The use of this technology enables the interpreter to have a comprehensive understanding and understanding of the distribution of faults in the survey area before the interpretation of the seismic data, and to establish a three-dimensional concept of the geometry of the fault space structure.
3) Using seismic wave technology to detect geological structures in the working face downhole
Yanzhou Mining (Group) Co., Ltd. Jining No. 3 Coal Mine improved the use of downhole seismic detection technology, and found out the combined extension of faults in 63 working faces, and submitted detailed geological data to the working face for safety measures in advance. Safe and efficient production provides a favorable guarantee. According to the site conditions, the excitation observation system is received by the tape groove, the auxiliary groove and the cut-eye arrangement of the 63 lower 04 working face. Excitation point arrangement: the gun point is arranged northward along the junction of the tape slot and the drain lane, and the shot point is arranged southward along the boundary between the auxiliary slot and the cut-eye line. The average point distance is 10m, totaling 120 shot points. Receiving point arrangement: Corresponding to the shot point, the detection point is arranged at the end of the tape close to the cut-eye end and the auxiliary chute discharge lane, totaling 120, and the average point distance is 10m. Seismic wave exploration requires that each receiving point be placed in the center of the coal seam. During the construction, the steel brazing is driven into the coal seam, the steel brazing is parallel to the top and bottom plates, and the sensor is fixed on the steel brazing to make the sensor coupling well. The hole diameter of the shot is 42mm, and the shock is excited by the shot point as the excitation point. The detection point is the receiving point and the TZBS series sensor is placed. In the on-site data collection, the tape machine and the pump are closed in time to minimize the influence of the mechanical vibration of the belt machine and the pump on the collected signal. Seismic CT is mainly based on longitudinal wave velocity and shear wave velocity CT slice, and is comprehensively explained by Poisson's ratio inversion slice and groove wave feature value slice. Because the ray distribution in the inversion region is not uniform, the effect of the fault inversion parallel to the observation system is relatively poor. Therefore, the seismic reflection profile detection is added to the detection to compensate for the shortcomings of the seismic CT in the data processing. According to the results of the inversion, the results of the comprehensive interpretation are made: 1 Three of the four low-speed anomalies have a certain impact on the face mining, and one has little impact on the face mining. 2 The two stress concentration areas located in the drainage roadway and the cutting hole respectively have a certain impact on the working face mining. 3 Explain that all 11 faults are normal faults. Among them, 6# falls 0～5m, the in-plane extension length exceeds 260m, and 5# is 6# branch, which should be the same fault, which has a great influence on the working face mining; 2# drop 0～6.5m, in-plane extension length Not more than 230m, and 3# is a 2# branch, but its extension length in the working plane exceeds 450m. These two faults also have a great influence on the working face mining.
4) Study on the characteristics of overburden mining failure in the mining area of ​​Nantun Mine
Yanzhou Mining (Group) Co., Ltd. Nanxun Coal Mine based on the geological mining conditions of the Jiu mining area, based on the preliminary prediction of the height of the water-conducting fracture zone of the 93 01 working surface, using the continuous conductivity profile measurement system, through the earth resistivity inversion section Chromatogram analysis studied the morphology and extent of the overburden fracture zone under the fully mechanized top coal caving mining conditions of 93 Upper 01 working face, which provided a reference for further study of the fault characteristics of overlying strata under similar conditions. According to the terrain conditions, the survey designed two lines with a length of 340m along the direction of the vertical working surface. The measuring lines are 50m apart and the measuring points are 20m apart. The exploration work was carried out about two months after the mining of the working face, and the total physical point of exploration was 36. Processing by Fourier analysis is mainly divided into three steps. 1 Elimination of interference signals. There are two methods: editing the acquired time series signal, directly eliminating the distortion signal; editing the apparent resistivity curve, directly eliminating the frequency points of individual jumps. 2 Correction of the near field source. The near-field source signal is also an artificial or natural interference signal, but it is a relatively stable interference source, which may be caused by an unknown strong signal source appearing near the measurement site, or it may be caused by the transmission antenna being too close. In the wild, due to the limitations of working conditions, sometimes these two situations cannot be avoided, and they have to be eliminated in the later data processing. 3 Data inversion interpretation. The detection was processed by EH4 dedicated data processing system EMAGE-2D, and the inversion was combined with each other. The inversion was performed using Bostik inversion and RRI inversion to deeply calibrate the apparent resistivity profile frequency axis. The height of the two zones of the falling zone and the water-conducting fracture zone can be seen from the inversion cross-section chromatogram of the magnetotelluric sounding resistivity of the two lines. The results of this study show that the shape of the water-conducting fracture zone of the working face is approximately trapezoidal, which is somewhat different from the traditional saying that the saddle shape. The reason is that geophysical exploration is based on the physical properties of the rock formation (this time is the resistivity of the rock formation), and there are some errors with the fracture morphology of the actual rock formation.
5) Comprehensive exploration to improve the geological exploration effect of mining area
Yanzhou Mining (Group) Co., Ltd. Jining No. 3 Coal Mine adopts a comprehensive exploration method combining three-dimensional geophysical exploration, road exploration and drilling to carry out supplementary exploration for the Wu mining area, providing high-speed and low-cost geology required for production in a short time. data. The Jining coalfield was discovered 50 years ago. In 1957, the Shandong Provincial Coal Industry Bureau conducted a census exploration here. In November 1983, the entire minefield geological report was officially submitted. Most of the Wu mining area is located in the Nanyang Lake area. Due to the limitation of surface conditions, only a small amount of geological drilling is constructed during the intensive inspection stage, and the corresponding hydrogeological work is lacking. In order to meet the needs of production, the geological problems urgently needed to be solved in the supplementary mining of the Wuqu area include: identifying the structural form and fracture development law of the mining area; ascertaining the occurrence of the main coal seam and the undulation state of the floor; 3 the lithologic characteristics of the roof of the coal seam and Its engineering geological characteristics; evaluation of the 3 coal slab sandstone, the upper Jurassic red shale conglomerate, the three ash, the ten ash rich water. According to the characteristics of relatively stable coal seams in the Wu mining area, they adopted the underground tunneling as the mainstay, supplemented by drilling, combined with the needs of mine mining to arrange the exploration of the roadway to detect the occurrence of coal seams; after 3D seismic exploration and the northern roadway of the mining area Control, combined with the comprehensive analysis of drilling data in the area, interpret 35 faults; through the 3D seismic exploration and exploration data, combined with the borehole interpretation of the four folds; supplementary drilling full hole core for laboratory measurement, comprehensive assessment 3 The coal roof is medium-stable-stabilized roof; 4 hydrogeological boreholes are constructed. After 3D seismic exploration, transient electromagnetic tests are carried out on the area, the water-rich area is circled, and the water-rich area is comprehensively evaluated. After 15 months of comprehensive exploration, 4 ground drilling holes were drilled, the drilling engineering capacity was 2984.45m, the pumping test was 7 times, the roadway project was 2000m, and the underground drilling hole was 8 (drilling length 320m). Three-dimensional seismic geophysical exploration was carried out on the whole area. The transient electromagnetic test obtained the geological data required for production. Practice shows that: using comprehensive exploration means, geophysical exploration precedes drilling, and underground drilling precedes ground drilling. Geophysical exploration, drilling and road exploration combine to greatly shorten the exploration period, reduce exploration costs and improve exploration results.
3 drilling construction
1) Control of hole inclination in ultra-thick loose layer drilling in Juye Coalfield
The Quaternary and Tertiary strata in Juye Coalfield are 758.10m thick, which is the thickest loose layer in the country. The resource exploration boreholes of the coalfields must pass through the Quaternary and Tertiary strata, and have high requirements for key processes such as anti-hole slope and loose layer adoption rate. If the hole inclination is required, the slope should not exceed 0.8%, and it is easy to exceed the limit when the formation conditions are poor. The geological engineering company of Zhangzhou Mining (Group) Co., Ltd. is aiming at the technical difficulties of ultra-thick loose layer drilling construction, strictly guarding the anti-slanting, grasping the key links such as installation and drilling tool combination, finally controlling the hole inclination without exceeding the limit, and improving the drilling. Breakthroughs in efficiency, drilling and straightening have been explored, and a more mature construction technology has been explored to achieve high quality and efficiency. They slanted the control hole during the drilling process against the anti-slope. The key points of anti-slanting are to grasp the following points: 1 Drilling tower and rig installation: The tower foundation and wellhead are reinforced for the characteristics of many drilling work items, long working time and large rig load in casing operation. Cement piers are built at the four corners of the tower and the wellhead, and the theodolite is leveled to increase the bearing area of ​​the four corners to prevent uneven settlement. When the rig is installed, the horizontal and positive "three hearts" are guaranteed. 2 Drill assembly: When selecting the drill, follow the principle of rigid, long, thick, heavy and straight. The drill collar adopts three specifications of Φ68mm, Φ105mm and Φ178mm, and is adjusted according to the size of the aperture. During construction, check whether the core tube and the lowermost drill collar are bent after connection. If the bending is found, replace it in time. Due to the number of pumping holes in the wellbore inspection, there are many times of changing the diameter. It is easy to increase the hole inclination when changing the diameter. Therefore, when changing the diameter, the deep-eye guiding drilling tool with the length of not less than 2m is taken, and special attention is paid to the inspection of the small-diameter drilling tool. Whether it is coaxial with the guiding drill, pay attention to replacement when different shafts. Drilling drilling tool combination: drill bit - core tube - centralizer - drill collar (1 single root) - centralizer - drill collar (6 ~ 8 single root) - drill pipe - vertical shaft. Reducing drilling tool combination: drill bit - small diameter core tube - large diameter centralizer - drill collar (1 single root) - large diameter centralizer - drill collar (6 ~ 8 single root) - drill pipe - vertical shaft. 3 Fixed point inclination and correction: The special inclination measuring instrument is used in the construction process of the wellbore inspection hole. The slope is measured once every 50~100m. See the bedrock, pass through the bedrock weathering zone and the fracture zone, and change the diameter. .
2) Application of diamond drill bit in igneous rock drilling
In the Jining No. 2 coal mine and the Jining No. 3 coal mine field, the Jurassic strata generally invaded thick layered igneous rocks with high hardness. The mining engineering company of Zhangzhou Mining (Group) Co., Ltd. mostly uses alloy drill bits in drilling construction. The consumption of abrasive materials is large, and there are often accidents such as stuck drills and core tubes “scraping the neckâ€. In particular, some of the boreholes are distributed in the lake area and are affected by flood seasons, strong winds and freezing, especially in fast and safe drilling. After drilling with a diamond drill bit, due to insufficient understanding of the diamond drill bit, the drilling efficiency of the diamond drill with the ordinary structure is not high. Later, through the study of the characteristics of igneous rock and the performance of diamond drill bits, diamond drill bits and drilling procedures suitable for igneous rock drilling were finally found. In the igneous rock drilling of Jiji and Jisanjingtian, the suitable drill type is the drilled diamond single-action double-tube drill bit, and the suitable carcass hardness is 20~35HRC. This conclusion also applies to the dense ash of other layers. Drilling of rock, sandstone, meteorite, etc. Although it seems that the cost per metre of the alloy drill bit is low, considering the factors such as the wear of the core tube, the treatment of the detached core, the oxygen acetylene used in the alloy, and the working hours, the overall cost is much greater than the diamond drilling. When selecting a diamond drill bit, in addition to the characteristics of the diamond grade, the hardness of the carcass, the shape of the lip surface, the area of ​​the nozzle, etc., the following points should also be noted: Consider the number of drill bits according to the drilling structure and rock formation characteristics. Need to drill the drill once, first use the outer diameter of the large inner diameter is small; the first time into the hole, it is necessary to gently press the slow drill for 10~15min, the ruler 0.2~0.3m and then use the normal drilling parameters; when the matching circlip is selected, The free inner diameter of the circlip should be 0.3~0.4mm smaller than the inner diameter of the drill; the outer diameter of the reamer is 0.3~0.5mm larger than the outer diameter of the drill, and the lower limit is taken when drilling hard rock; Drill bit; pay attention to the sealing of the drill pipe joint, butter or wrap if necessary; use high quality chemical mud to drill. In addition, in the geological hole, if the core is drilled with a rope, the efficiency will be higher.
3) Application of hard rock drilling technology in Yanzhou mining area
The geological engineering team of Yanzhou Mining (Group) Co., Ltd. summarized the relatively optimal selection of drill bit, drilling pressure and drilling tool combination and the selection of different diamond drill bits for hard rock formations in the drilling construction in the hard rock formation of Yanzhou mining area. A good result. There are many factors influencing the choice of weight-on-bit. The following factors should be considered separately when determining the weight-on-bit: Rock properties—When drilling in soft and weakly abrasive rock formations, a smaller weight-on-bit should be used, which is complete, hard to hard. Or strong abrasive rock layers such as conglomerate and igneous rock should be selected with appropriate large drilling pressure, and the drilling pressure should be appropriately reduced for broken, cracked and heterogeneous rock layers. Drill type - When the drill bit diameter is large, the wall thickness and the carcass are soft, a larger weight is required; otherwise, a smaller weight is used. Diamond - When the structural quality on the drill bit is good, the quantity is large, and the particle size is large, a larger drilling pressure should be used; otherwise, a smaller drilling pressure should be used. The area of ​​the rock taken - the area of ​​the drill actually taken from the rock depends on its size, wall thickness and size of the nozzle. In general, when the area of ​​the drill stone is large, a large weight-on-bit pressure should be applied. A reasonable combination of drills is beneficial to ensure that the holes are straight, the bottom of the holes is pressurized, the wear of the drills is reduced, the walls of the holes are protected, and accidents in the holes are reduced. They used the following drilling tool combinations in the use of artificial impregnated diamond core drills, and achieved good results. Φ94mm or Φ113mm diamond drill bit Φ94mm or Φ113mm diamond reamer - or Φ108mm core tube - reducer joint - Φ94mm or Φ113mm centralizer - Φ83mm guide drill 铤 - Φ94mm or Φ113mm centralizer - Φ83mm guide drill 铤 - Φ94mm or Φ113mm Centralizer - Φ68mm drill collar - reducer joint - drill pipe - vertical shaft. According to their experience in drilling and construction in the hard rock formations of Yanzhou mining area, in the hard rock formations, the suitable drills are drilled diamond single-action double-tube drills, and the suitable carcass hardness is 20-35HRC. It is also suitable for drilling of dense limestone, sandstone and vermiculite in other layers; although it seems that the cost per metre of the alloy drill bit is lower, consider the wear of the core tube, the treatment of the falling core and the welding alloy. After the oxygen and acetylene and other auxiliary materials and working hours and other factors, the comprehensive cost is much greater than the diamond drill bit.
4) Development of drilling facilities for large-scale water bodies
In order to meet the urgent need for geological drilling construction under large-area water bodies, Ganzhou Mining (Group) Co., Ltd. Geological Engineering Company has developed facilities for drilling construction such as sink tower type water drilling platform, combined iron ship and ship crane in recent years. After 38 construction tests, no safety problems have occurred, which proves that the design of these facilities is reasonable. The completion of these projects marks that the company's water exploration capability has reached the advanced level in the domestic industry, laying a solid foundation for the construction of similar drilling projects in the future. 1 Tower-type water drilling platform. A robust drilling platform is required for geological drilling in water. Moreover, in order to adapt to the characteristics of shallow water, the drilling platform should be easily disassembled and easy to transport and install. To this end, they designed and built a combined pylon drilling platform to support and fix the drilling facilities, providing the necessary space for drilling operations on the water, and played a significant role in the exploration and construction of the lake. 2 Combined iron boat. The drilling holes in the exploration area are just within the fish pond. The larger tonnage transport vessels cannot be easily and timely transferred from one fish pond to another, and the fishermen’s boats cannot reach the exploration and transportation installation. Load requirements. Considering the timeliness of exploration projects and the convenience of saving and transporting, they designed and built a combined iron boat. The ship is characterized by its ability to adapt to the transportation requirements of drilling materials, and can transport more than 10 tons of materials at a time; it can be easily dismantled, and can be quickly transferred from one place to another by trucks; the drilling task is completed. In the future, it can be conveniently transported back to the base. 3 boat cranes. For the same reason, the lifting of the equipment can not be completed by large hoisting vessels. First, the cost is high, and the second is that it is not convenient to transfer and transport. Therefore, they also designed and manufactured the hoisting vessel that adapts to the characteristics of water drilling. The structure of the hull is similar to the above-mentioned combined transport iron ship, but it is more flexible and applicable. It can be driven not only by the pulping machine, but also by its own generator to drive the electric winch and lighting.
Deck Mounted Dual Handle Faucet
Our deck-mounted basin faucets are available in single and dual-handle, meeting different washing needs. All basin faucets are made of #62 Brass construction, available in a variety of styles and finishes such as matte black, chrome, brushed nickel, etc.
We have over 20 years of experience manufacturing Faucets & Bathroom Accessories in Guangdong, China.
Our manufacturing process advanced technology with superior materials, rigorous testing, and comprehensive quality control to ensure your complete and total satisfaction.
Wash Basin Faucet, Bathroom Dual Handle Faucet,Deck Mounted Dual Handle Faucet
Jiangmen Yunspire Sanitary Ware Hardware Industry Co., Ltd. , https://www.yunspirefaucet.com