First and then far
The far and near here is based on the distance of the processing part relative to the tool point. Under normal circumstances, especially in roughing, it is usually arranged to process the part close to the tool point and to process it away from the tool point to shorten the tool moving distance and reduce the idle travel time. For turning machining, it is advantageous to maintain the rigidity of the blank or semi-finished parts and improve the cutting conditions.
First inside and outside
For parts that need to be machined inside (internal, cavity) and outer surface, when formulating the machining plan, it is usually necessary to arrange the inner and inner cavities and the outer surface. This is because it is difficult to control the size and shape of the inner surface, the rigidity of the tool is correspondingly poor, the durability of the cutting edge (blade) is easily reduced by the heat of cutting, and it is difficult to remove the chips during processing.
The shortest route
The work focus of the pass route is determined, which is mainly used to determine the roughing and idle travel path, because the cutting path of the finishing cutting process is basically carried out along the order of its parts.
The path of the tool generally refers to the path that the tool starts from the point of the tool point (or the fixed point of the machine tool) until it returns to the point and ends the machining process, including the path of the cutting process and the non-cutting idle path such as tool introduction and cutting.
Under the premise of ensuring the processing quality, the machining program has the shortest path, which not only saves the execution time of the whole machining process, but also reduces unnecessary tool consumption and wear of the sliding parts of the machine feed mechanism.
In addition to relying on a large amount of practical experience, the optimized process plan should be good at analysis and can be supplemented with some simple calculations if necessary.
The above principles are not static, and for some special cases, flexible and flexible solutions are needed. If any workpiece is finished, it must be roughed and finished to ensure its processing accuracy and quality. These depend on the continuous accumulation and learning of the actual processing experience of the programmer.
Relationship between processing route and machining allowance
Under the condition that the numerical control lathe has not yet reached universal use, it is generally necessary to arrange excessive margin on the blank, especially the margin containing the forged and cast hard skin layer on the ordinary lathe. If you must use CNC lathes, you should pay attention to the flexible arrangement of the program. Arrange some subroutines to perform certain cutting operations on the parts with excessive margin.
Processing route for step cutting of large margin blank
End position of the tool during layered cutting
Spindle speed when threaded
When machining a thread on a CNC lathe, due to the change of its transmission chain, in principle, as long as the rotation speed of the spindle can be ensured, the tool can be displaced by one pitch along the main feed axis (mostly the Z-axis), and should not be restricted. However, when machining a thread on a CNC lathe, it will be affected by the following aspects:
The pitch (lead) value of the command in the thread machining block is equivalent to the feedrate F expressed in the feed amount (mm/r). If the spindle speed of the machine is selected too high, the converted feedrate ( Mm/min) must exceed the normal value greatly;
At the beginning/end of the displacement of the tool, it will be constrained by the servo drive system up/down frequency and the numerical control device interpolation operation speed. Because the rising/lowering frequency characteristics can not meet the processing needs, etc., it may be caused by the main feed motion. The "advance" and "lag" of the lead cause the pitch of the partial thread to not meet the requirements;
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