Introduction to nanodiamond
Nano-diamond TEM photos and solutions
Nano-diamond refers to the presence of diamond grains with a particle size of 1 to 100 nm, which combines the characteristics of diamond and nano-materials, such as high hardness, high corrosion resistance, high thermal conductivity, low friction coefficient, low surface roughness, Large specific surface area, biocompatibility, high surface activity, and the like. After entering the nanometer scale, the material shows some physical effects that macroscopic materials do not have or are negligible in macroscopic materials, such as surface effects, quantum size effects, small size effects, and macroscopic quantum tunneling effects. The synthesis methods of nano-diamond particles mainly include static pressure synthesis, diamond single crystal grinding and detonation, and have been applied to industrial production.
Before Xiaobian once told you about the application value of nano-diamond, you can click on the blue word and read it again. Today, Xiaobian focuses on the application of nanodiamond in the field of biomedicine, especially biomedicine.
Nano-diamond is a nano-inert material with biocompatibility, low toxicity, fluorescence effect, etc. In recent years, it has gradually emerged in biomedical fields such as drug carrier materials, bioimaging tools, fluorescent probe materials and quantum probes. More and more important. It has been reported that nanodiamonds can be combined with DNA, doxorubicin, enzymes, insulin, cytochrome C, growth hormone and antigen by covalent or non-covalent bonds, as a potential bioimaging tool, fluorescence. The probe material and the drug transport tool function, and the following is a detailed introduction.
Protein isolation and purification
Nanodiamonds have a large specific surface area and are covered with various chemical groups such as carboxyl groups, lactones, hydroxyl groups, ketones and alkyl groups. They have a high affinity for proteins and can be used for protein separation and purification.
Cell marker and bioimaging
Fluorescent cell markers play an important role in the life sciences, but many of the available markers have certain physical, optical, and toxicities. As a new type of carbon nanomaterial, nanodiamond has the advantages of chemical inertness, fluorescence but no photobleaching and no toxicity. It can be used for cell labeling and bioimaging.
The experimental results show that nanodiamond has important application value in the research of cell labeling and bioimaging. It can be used for labeling and tracking of cancer cells and stem cells, and also as a fluorescent probe for interaction with bacteria or cells. At the cellular level, it can also act as a carrier for bioimaging to transport biologically active substances into cells, and can be used for biological imaging in vivo.
Biosensing
Biosensors are biological substances (such as enzymes, proteins, DNA, antibodies, antigens, biofilms, microorganisms, cells, etc.) as identification elements that convert biochemical reactions into quantitative physical and chemical signals that enable the production of living matter and chemistry. Device for substance detection and monitoring. With the expansion of the application of nano-diamonds, many researchers have found its application value in biosensing. Glucose biosensors are simple and rapid for disease diagnosis and are important for the treatment of diabetes. The undoped nanodiamond modified gold electrode can be used as an electrochemical glucose sensor. In this study, nano-diamond particles are coated on the surface of the gold electrode, and then glucose oxidase is immobilized on the surface of the nano-diamond. The nano-diamond pre-modified anode of the electrode can not only increase the rate of electron transfer in the nano-diamond chip, but also Significantly improved reduction in dissolved oxygen. This finding can detect glucose at a negative potential by monitoring the change in current of oxygen reduction.
Gene transmission and treatment
The purpose of gene delivery and therapy is to introduce foreign genes to complement defective genes or to provide more biological functions in the body. The experimental results show that nanodiamond can be a fast, scalable and widely applicable gene transfer tool.
Drug delivery and treatment
Nanotechnology provides new ways and means for drug delivery. Nanodiamonds can be combined with drugs in a covalent or non-covalent bond to act as a drug delivery tool to transport drugs to target cells or target organs.
Covalent binding of transferrin to fluorescent nanodiamonds can enter cells through receptor-mediated endocytosis. The uptake mechanism is a temperature, energy, and clathrin-dependent pathway, so that nanodiamond can be used as a special A tool for cellular uptake and drug delivery. In addition to receptor-mediated mechanisms, insulin adsorbs non-covalently onto the surface of nanodiamonds as a pH-dependent protein transport tool in which insulin release is tunable and retains its original activity. The results show that nanodiamond can not only be used as an effective transport carrier, but also its transport mechanism is relatively clear. Therefore, its application as a carrier in the field of biomedicine can be further expanded.
Cancer diagnosis and treatment
The surface of the nanoparticle can provide a variety of chemical groups for a variety of cancer diagnostic and chemotherapeutic drugs to be combined by covalent or non-covalent bonds, thereby designing and developing nanoparticles with multifunctional chemical groups. And for the simultaneous imaging and treatment of tumors, has become the main target of current cancer drug research. Some studies have shown that anticancer drugs linked to nanodiamonds can reduce toxic side effects, improve targeting, and exhibit strong anticancer activity. If paclitaxel is covalently linked to surface-modified nanodiamonds, its anticancer activity is higher than that of paclitaxel alone.
Effect on the immune system
The combination of nano-diamond and nano-platinum (DPV576-C) can increase the expression of CD83 and CD86 and up-regulate the secretion of cytokines IL-6, TNF and IL-10 by dendritic cells after acting on dendritic cells in vitro. Level, the ability to increase the growth of CD4+ T cells. In vivo, DPV576-C, in C57BL/6 mice, increased the percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and their activation markers CD25 and CD69, and enhanced NK cell viability, compared to untreated C57BL/6 mice. And no histopathological side effects. Therefore, the mixed material can be used to improve the immune response during cancer treatment and to treat immune dysfunction in patients.
Xiao Bian believes that nanodiamond is of great significance in cancer diagnosis and anticancer drug delivery, and will be an important direction for future development. At present, there are fewer teams engaged in nano-diamond biomedicine in mainland China, and clinical trials are relatively lagging behind developed countries and regions. Here to introduce a world-class expert and scholar - Russian foreign academician, Professor Zheng Jialiang of Donghua University, Taiwan.
Professor Zheng Jialiang
Personal profile:
Professor Zheng Jialiang is currently a professor of physics at Donghua University in Taiwan and a foreign member of the Russian Prokhorov Academy of Engineering Science (2016-). He has served as the director of the Department of Physics at Donghua University, the director of the General Education Center, the director of the Art Center, the chairman of the Common Education Committee (Dean's level), and the Vice President (2012-2016). He received his Ph.D. in Physics from the University of Oregon in 1993. He was a postdoctoral researcher at the Laboratory of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, USA, and Li Yuanzhe (1986 Nobel Prize in Chemistry), Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taiwan, 1994-1997. In 1997, he joined the Department of Physics of Taiwan Normal University as an assistant professor. In 1998, he transferred to Donghua University. In the past ten years, his research has focused on the research of nano-diamonds in biomedicine, especially in the early detection of cancer cells and the transmission of anti-cancer drugs. The methods used are mainly non-invasive spectroscopy and microscopic imaging methods. The team he led was the first team in the world to use nanodiamonds as a biometric calibration, and was one of the pioneering teams using nanodiamonds as a drug delivery.
He is currently a Editorial Board member of Scientific Reports (2017-), Journal of Raman Spectroscopy (Editorial Advisory Board Member, 2017-), and served as a member of the Taiwan Ministry of Science and Technology (2007-2010). He is currently a member of several international conferences on diamond research: Program Committee Member, International Conference on Diamond and Carbon Materials (2010- ); Program committee member, Hasselt Diamond Workshop (2018- ); International Steering Committee Member, International Conference on Raman Spectroscopy (2012- ).
Professor Zheng has a profound knowledge of nanodiamond biomedicine. The third Carbon Materials Conference has invited Professor Zheng to attend and serve as the co-chairman of the conference. Professor Zheng will present the keynote report at the Environmental Engineering and Biomedical Forum. I believe that we will soon be able to See Professor Zheng's wonderful content sharing!
Partial report on diamond in environmental engineering and biomedical
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