It is necessary to check the faults for the numerical control equipment after the external, internal, mechanical, electrical, first simple and complex, first static and then dynamic, first common and then special, first check the software and check the hardware. Applying these principles to the control system simplifies the diagnosis of faults and avoids detours. Sometimes these principles should be combined so that the fault can be eliminated as quickly as possible.
For example, a CNC grinding machine using SIEMENS 3 system, when returning to the reference point, the X axis can not find the reference point, and finally the X axis over limit alarm occurs. In the first principle of the external and internal, first check the zero point of the X axis. Switch, normal no problem, observe the fault phenomenon, X-axis pressure upper limit switch, can also slow down; then according to the simple and complex principle, first check the NC system's position control board, because the feedback hardware uses the grating ruler, so On the position control board, an X-axis and Y-axis are each added with an EXE processing board. First, the X-axis and the Y-axis EXE board are interchanged. At this time, the power-on test, the X-axis returns to the reference point, and the fault is transferred to the Y-axis. The Y axis can not find the reference point, the fault phenomenon is the same, thus confirming that there is a problem with the EXE board, and the replacement of the EXE board is eliminated.
For example, a CNC quenching machine with SIEMENS 810 system has a fault, and when it is turned back to the reference point, when the X axis is taken, the alarm 1680 “SERVO ENABLE TRAV. AXIS X†appears. This alarm is also generated when the X axis is manually taken. The device was found to have an overload alarm indication. According to the Siemens manual, the cause of this fault is that the mechanical load is too large, the servo control power supply is faulty, the servo motor is faulty, etc. In the principle of mechanical and electrical first, the X-axis slide table is first detected, and the X-axis slide table is manually driven. It was found to be very heavy and the disk did not move. It was definitely a problem in the mechanical part. The X-axis ball screw was removed and found to be rusted. The original slide was not well sealed, and the quenching liquid entered the ball screw, causing the ball screw to rust and replacing the new ball screw.
For example, a CNC grinding machine with SIEMENS 3 system, during the automatic machining process for a period of time, often stops the automatic cycle midway, and the alarm 114 "SERVO LOOP HARDWARE" appears, indicating a problem with the Y-axis servo system. According to the manual, it is the servo. Measuring the problem with the feedback system. In order to further confirm the fault, in accordance with the principle of first static and then moving, after the machine is turned back to the reference point, the machine does not perform any operation in the waiting state. At this time, the machine does not have an alarm. When automatic machining is performed, this alarm occurs occasionally. And every time it is moving to about 190mm, an alarm occurs because the position feedback of the X-axis and Y-axis of this machine is a grating scale, and the lead cable moves together with the slide table, so the cable is suspected to be moving frequently. Some signal lines are broken, and an alarm is generated when the motion is moved to a certain position. This judgment is confirmed by the inspection, and the fault is eliminated after replacing the new cable. This machine has this fault again, and this alarm appears when it is still. Therefore, if there is any problem with the control board, replace the XY board of the Y-axis on the position control board with the X-axis. At this time, start the test and fail over to On the X-axis, the EXE board of the original Y-axis is damaged, and the replacement of the new EXE board is eliminated.
The above describes several common methods for detecting faults in CNC equipment. There are many other methods. However, the most important and important thing to solve the problems of CNC equipment is to master the working principle of the CNC system and the working principle of the machine tool. When dealing with the problems of the numerical control equipment, it can be handy, on the basis of the observation, thinking, inspection, analysis, diagnosis, and finally troubleshooting. Manual rotation occurs when the dresser moves into the middle of the Z-axis slide. According to this phenomenon, it may be concluded that the encoder of the E-axis often moves back and forth with the trimmer on the Z-axis, and some lines in the cable of the encoder are broken, resulting in different positions of the cable with the trimmer, at the edge of the Z-axis. The contact is good and there is no fault, and in the middle of the Z-axis, some signal lines are disconnected, and the feedback pulse is lost. Based on this judgment, we started the calibration line. At this time, we found that there were several bad line contacts. After finding the broken part, we welded the broken wire and took anti-folding measures. The test was restarted, the fault was eliminated, and the machine tool resumed normal use. .
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