In the past year, the country has adopted a series of import and export tariff control measures in response to the continuous rapid expansion of China's trade surplus, the rapid growth of high-energy consumption and high-pollution products, and the severe situation of energy conservation and emission reduction. With the decline in the export of some high-energy and high-pollution products, the effectiveness of import and export tariff measures has already appeared.
The direction of regulation of import and export tariffs is clear
Since 2006, with the approval of the State Council, the Ministry of Finance has adjusted the import and export tariffs three times in a tentative rate, and the direction of import and export tariffs has been further clarified.
Since November 1, 2006, the Ministry of Finance has lowered the provisional tax rate for imports of 58 domestically demanding commodities and increased the provisional tax rate for 110 high-energy, high-pollution and some resource-based products. Since January this year From 1st onwards, a lower import provisional tax rate was imposed on 308 commodities, and a certain proportion of export temporary tax rates were imposed on 174 commodities. From June 1, the provisional tax rate for imports of 209 commodities was further reduced. The average preferential rate is 50%, and the provisional tax rate for exports of 142 high-energy, high-pollution products has been increased. The strength and scope of the three adjustments are rare in recent years.
In addition, this year the Ministry of Finance has also adjusted the provisional tax rate for the import and export of diammonium phosphate (phosphorus ore), electrolytic aluminum, non-aluminum alloy aluminum rods, soybeans and other products.
After the above adjustments, at present, China has implemented a provisional tax rate on imports of 511 commodities and a provisional tax rate on exports of 286 commodities. By adjusting import and export tariffs, a clear regulation signal has been issued to alleviate the trade surplus and control the export of high-energy and high-pollution products.
Import and export structure transformation tariff policy has obvious effect
From the implementation effect of the first 10 months of this year, the adjustment of import and export tariffs has obviously promoted the import of some energy resource commodities, key components, advanced technology and equipment, and daily necessities of the people, effectively suppressing some high energy consumption and high pollution. The export of products has basically achieved the expected goal of tariff adjustment, and the structure of import and export commodities is gradually shifting towards the three aspects of regulation.
First, the import of goods that reduce import tariffs has generally increased rapidly. In the first 10 months, the total import value of more than 300 kinds of commodities with lower import provisional tax rate increased rapidly by about 33%, which was significantly higher than the import growth rate of 19.8% of all imported goods. Among them, the import volume of bulk commodities such as coal, potassium chloride, copper and copper increased by 61.9%, 73.7% and 54% respectively. In particular, it reversed the situation that coal has exceeded the trend in recent years, and there has been a net import; while gasoline and chromium Imports of industrial raw materials and components such as iron and semiconductor modules with variable current functions have increased by 3.9 times, 2.1 times and 1.2 times. After further reducing the import tariffs on some products on June 1, the import of some key components and daily necessities involving people's livelihood also accelerated significantly. In addition, after the temporary tax rate for the import of yellow soybeans was lowered on October 1, the monthly import volume in October increased by 50.8% from September, which eased the contradiction between supply and demand in the domestic market and the control effect was obvious.
Second, the export of goods that increase export tariffs has generally declined. In the first 10 months, the high energy consumption, high pollution and export costs of some resource products increased or increased. The export prices of most products showed a downward trend: exports of crude oil, coal, copper and copper, and rare earth metals. The volume decreased by 42.8%, 17.6%, 27.4%, 24.1% respectively. The exports of unalloyed aluminum, refined copper, unwrought refined lead, wood chips and wood pellets dropped by more than 50%, unrefined copper, magnesite, There are almost no exports of products such as aluminum ore. After raising the export tariffs on some products on June 1, the export growth of coke, billet, steel and other products in the first half of the year has slowed significantly since the second half of the year. The cumulative export volume of coke and billet increased from 22.4% and 40.9% at the end of June to 9.4% and 13.1% at the end of October. The cumulative export volume of steel at the end of October increased by 63.8%, but decreased by 34% from the end of June. The percentage of single-month exports since the second half of the year has steadily decreased by an average of 10% from the previous month. From July to October, the monthly average exports of the above three products decreased by 12.8%, 48.5% and 23.8 respectively. %.
Third, tariff adjustment has played a positive role in regulating trade surpluses. Since the second half of this year, with the gradual implementation of a number of macro-control measures, the growth of China's trade surplus has slowed significantly. From August to October, the growth rate of national exports and trade surplus decreased by 6.1 and 50 respectively compared with the previous July. Percentage points. In various regulatory policies, import and export tariff adjustments have played an important role. In particular, exports of more than 200 commodities subject to export tariffs fell by 4.1% in August-October, which reversed the sharp increase of 58.3% in the first seven months. The situation has only reduced the trade surplus in August-October by about 7 billion U.S. dollars, and the growth rate of the surplus has slowed down by about 12 percentage points. Among them, the slowdown in exports of only coke, billet and steel products reduced the trade surplus by about $6 billion.
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