Abstract: The basic concepts of virtual manufacturing, the core technology of virtual manufacturing, and the application of virtual manufacturing technology in manufacturing are expounded. The characteristics of the virtual enterprise are highlighted.
Today's manufacturing industry is moving toward precision, automation, flexibility, integration, information and intelligence. With this trend, many advanced manufacturing technologies and advanced manufacturing models have been born.
Virtual manufacturing is based on the needs of the enterprise market competition. Under the premise of emphasizing flexibility and speed, the United States in the 1980s, with the development of computer technology and information network technology, gained attention in the 1990s and achieved rapid development.
Virtual Manufacturing (VM: Virtual Manufacturing) is a dynamic simulation of real-world product manufacturing. It is a simulated manufacturing software technology that runs on a computer without consuming physical resources. It has a modeling and simulation environment that enables products to be predicted from an integrated, integrated manufacturing environment such as production processes, process planning, scheduling, logistics, and accounting, procurement, and management. Product functionality and manufacturing system status allow for forward-looking decisions and optimized implementations.
In order to understand the meaning of VM in more detail, the United States explained three types of VMs at a professional conference as follows: 1 Design-centric VM, which adds manufacturing information to product design and process design, and Digital manufacturing on a computer, simulating multiple manufacturing scenarios, evaluating various production scenarios, and optimizing product design and process design through simulation manufacturing to make the right decisions. 2 Production-centric VMs that add simulation capabilities to the production planning model to quickly evaluate production plans, verify process flows, resource requirements, and production efficiencies to optimize manufacturing environments and production supply plans. 3 Control-centered VMs, which add simulation capabilities to the control model to provide a simulation environment for the actual production process, ie the machine control model is used for simulation, with the goal of process optimization in actual production, improved manufacturing system.
Virtual manufacturing is a new manufacturing technology supported by information technology, simulation technology and virtual reality technology. Virtual manufacturing technologies cover a wide range of topics, such as environmental composition techniques, process feature extraction, metamodels, integrated infrastructure architecture, manufacturing feature data integration, multidisciplinary connectivity, decision support tools, interface technologies, virtual reality technologies, and Modular and simulation techniques. The latter three are the core technologies of virtual manufacturing.
Virtual Manufacturing Technology VMT (Virtual Manufacturing Technology) first successfully applied in the fields of aircraft and automobiles. In the design process of the 777 new passenger aircraft model, Boeing Company successfully used VMT and 3D models to simulate the complex assembly process such as pipeline wiring. At present, VMT is applied in the following aspects.
In summary, the application of virtual manufacturing technology in enterprises can bring many benefits. Virtual product design improves design quality, optimizes product performance, and shortens design cycles. Virtual product manufacturing can improve manufacturing quality, optimize processes, and shorten manufacturing cycles. The virtual production process optimizes resource allocation, logistics management, shortens production cycles, and reduces production costs. Virtual enterprises can enhance the flexibility of enterprises, meet the special requirements of customers, and form the market competitive advantage of enterprises.
The research on virtual manufacturing technology in China has just started, and systematic and comprehensive research has not yet been carried out. At present, it still stays in the combination of theoretical digestion and domestic environment. As long as we strive to create a better foundation, the application of virtual manufacturing technology in Chinese enterprises is not far off.
Today's manufacturing industry is moving toward precision, automation, flexibility, integration, information and intelligence. With this trend, many advanced manufacturing technologies and advanced manufacturing models have been born.
Virtual manufacturing is based on the needs of the enterprise market competition. Under the premise of emphasizing flexibility and speed, the United States in the 1980s, with the development of computer technology and information network technology, gained attention in the 1990s and achieved rapid development.
1 Virtual Manufacturing VM
Virtual Manufacturing (VM: Virtual Manufacturing) is a dynamic simulation of real-world product manufacturing. It is a simulated manufacturing software technology that runs on a computer without consuming physical resources. It has a modeling and simulation environment that enables products to be predicted from an integrated, integrated manufacturing environment such as production processes, process planning, scheduling, logistics, and accounting, procurement, and management. Product functionality and manufacturing system status allow for forward-looking decisions and optimized implementations.
In order to understand the meaning of VM in more detail, the United States explained three types of VMs at a professional conference as follows: 1 Design-centric VM, which adds manufacturing information to product design and process design, and Digital manufacturing on a computer, simulating multiple manufacturing scenarios, evaluating various production scenarios, and optimizing product design and process design through simulation manufacturing to make the right decisions. 2 Production-centric VMs that add simulation capabilities to the production planning model to quickly evaluate production plans, verify process flows, resource requirements, and production efficiencies to optimize manufacturing environments and production supply plans. 3 Control-centered VMs, which add simulation capabilities to the control model to provide a simulation environment for the actual production process, ie the machine control model is used for simulation, with the goal of process optimization in actual production, improved manufacturing system.
Virtual manufacturing is a new manufacturing technology supported by information technology, simulation technology and virtual reality technology. Virtual manufacturing technologies cover a wide range of topics, such as environmental composition techniques, process feature extraction, metamodels, integrated infrastructure architecture, manufacturing feature data integration, multidisciplinary connectivity, decision support tools, interface technologies, virtual reality technologies, and Modular and simulation techniques. The latter three are the core technologies of virtual manufacturing.
- Modeling technology
- The production model can be summarized into two aspects: static description and dynamic description. A static description is a description of the system's production capacity and production characteristics. Dynamic description refers to predicting the entire process of product production based on known system states and demand characteristics.
- A product model is a collection of various entity object models in the manufacturing process. The information described in the current product model has static information such as product structure list and product shape characteristics. For VMS, in order to integrate all activities in the product implementation process, it is necessary to have a complete product model, so the product model under virtual manufacturing is no longer a single static feature model, it can be extracted by mapping, abstraction, etc. Models required for each activity in product implementation
- The process model parameters linked to the influence of the manufacturing functions of product design properties. The interaction between the production model and the product model is reflected. The process model must have the following functions: computer process simulation, manufacturing data sheets, manufacturing planning, statistical models, and physical and mathematical models.
- Simulation Technology
- Virtual Reality Technology VRT (Virtual Reality Technology)
Virtual Manufacturing System (VMS) is the mapping of Real Manufacturing System (RMS) in virtual environment. It is the abstract description and representation of RMS modeling, formalization and computerization. The modeling of VMS should include: the information architecture of production models, product models, and process models.
The simulation is to apply the computer to the complex reality system to abstract and simplify the formation of the system model, and then run the model based on the analysis, so as to get a series of statistical performance of the system. Since the simulation is based on the system model, without disturbing the actual production system, the simulation can take advantage of the computer's fast computing power, and simulate the production cycle that takes a long time in actual production in a short time, so the decision time can be shortened. To avoid wasting money, manpower and time. The computer can also re-simulate and optimize the implementation.
The basic steps of the simulation are: research system → collect data → establish system model → determine simulation algorithm → establish simulation model → run simulation model → output result and analyze.
Product manufacturing process simulation can be summarized as manufacturing system simulation and machining process simulation. Product development in virtual manufacturing systems involves product modeling simulation, design process planning simulation, design thinking process, and design interaction behavior simulation to evaluate design results, achieve early feedback in the design process, and reduce or avoid product design errors. Process simulation, including cutting process simulation, assembly process simulation, inspection process simulation, and welding, pressure machining, casting simulation, etc. At present, the above two types of simulation processes are independently developed and cannot be integrated, and a unified simulation for the whole process of manufacturing should be established in the VM.
Virtual reality technology is produced in order to improve the way people interact with computers and improve computer operability. It uses a computer graphics system, various display and control interface devices to generate an interactive three-dimensional environment on the computer ( A technique that provides an immersive sensation in a virtual environment.
A computer system composed of a graphics system and various interface devices for generating a virtual environment and providing an immersive feeling, and interactive operation is called a virtual reality system VRS (Virtual Reality System). The virtual reality system includes three basic elements: operator, machine and human machine interface. It not only improves the harmony between people and computers, but also becomes a powerful simulation tool. With VRS, you can dynamically simulate the real world, input through the user's interaction, and modify the virtual environment according to the output in time, so that people can have an immersive immersive feeling. Virtual reality technology is one of the key technologies of VM.
2 VM application in manufacturing
Virtual Manufacturing Technology VMT (Virtual Manufacturing Technology) first successfully applied in the fields of aircraft and automobiles. In the design process of the 777 new passenger aircraft model, Boeing Company successfully used VMT and 3D models to simulate the complex assembly process such as pipeline wiring. At present, VMT is applied in the following aspects.
- Virtual enterprise
- Virtual product design
- Virtual product manufacturing
- Virtual production process
One of the most important reasons for the establishment of a virtual enterprise is that each company cannot meet market demands alone and meet market challenges. Therefore, in order to respond quickly to the needs of the market, reorganize a new company around new product development, using existing resources in different regions, different companies or factories in different locations. Before the company is running, it must analyze whether the combination is optimal, whether it can coordinate operations, and evaluate the risks and benefits distribution after the production. This joint company is called a virtual company, or a dynamic alliance. It is a virtual enterprise with economic entities with both integration and effectiveness.
The characteristics of a virtual enterprise are: 1 The geographical dispersion of the enterprise. From the user's ordering, product design, parts manufacturing, assembly assembly, sales, and operation management, the virtual enterprise can be operated by different companies in different regions, according to the contract and mutual benefit, for off-site design, off-site manufacturing, and off-site management. . 2 Enterprise organization is temporary. Virtual enterprises are the product of change in the market. In order to adapt to changes in the market environment, the organizational structure of enterprises must also reflect market dynamics in a timely manner, and virtual enterprises focus on short-term interests. When the direction of the product changes, the interests of the alliance partners change, or the enterprise pursues the change of objectives, the enterprise must adjust the organizational structure, or immediately disband and reorganize the new virtual enterprise. 3 Enterprise functions are not complete. A complete enterprise should have all the complete functions from enterprise management, design and manufacturing to marketing and after-sales service. But in virtual enterprises, organizations do not need to be fully functional, and they borrow external forces to combine and integrate in various ways. Because virtual enterprises are in the form of dynamic alliances, they break through the tangible boundaries of enterprises and use external resources to accelerate the realization of their market goals. Traditional outsourcing processing is an original virtual enterprise behavior. 4 Enterprise information sharing. One of the basic conditions for forming a virtual enterprise is to form a computer Internet between business partners. According to the specific situation, it can be the Internet, local area network or intranet, timely communication information, including product design, manufacturing, sales, management and other information, which is expressed in data form and can be distributed to different computer environments. Realize the sharing of information resources, ensure that all departments of the virtual enterprise are highly coordinated, and ensure the maximum overall interests of the company under market fluctuations.
The main foundations of virtual enterprises are: enterprise flexibility based on advanced manufacturing technology; manufacturing digital products on computers, from concept design to virtual manufacturing that ultimately realizes the whole process of products; computer network technology. The above three items are essential for the formation of a virtual enterprise.
This advanced manufacturing model of virtual enterprises has been run in some enterprises in advanced countries. For example, Ultra Comm is a virtual enterprise that produces electronic products. There are more than 60 virtual electronic groups in the United States with thousands of employees. The company itself has only a few employees. The company uses decentralized design and manufacturing methods. The products are selected from different enterprises and rely on the economic entities composed of network technologies to achieve market goals. Another example is Xingang Company, which is headquartered in Hong Kong. It is an international company, which manufactures and sells telephones. The headquarters is engaged in the development, research, sales and management of new products. It is located in Hongtai Science and Technology Park of Xiamen Special Economic Zone. Manufacturing.
In the face of ever-changing market demand, virtual enterprises have the advantages of accelerating new product development speed, improving product quality, reducing production costs, responding quickly to users' needs, and shortening product production cycle. Therefore, the virtual enterprise is a force that responds quickly to market demands and can seize opportunities and advantages for enterprises in the business war.
For example, the shape design of an airplane or a car, whether its shape conforms to the aerodynamic principle, the resistance during motion, and the rationality of its internal structural layout. In complex piping system design, using virtual technology, the designer can “go into†for piping layout and check for interference. Virtual product design on a computer not only improves design efficiency, but also identifies problems in the design as early as possible to optimize product design. For example, the US Boeing Company invested 4 billion US dollars to develop the Boeing 777 jetliner. It took only 3 years and 8 months to complete the development from October 1990 to June 1994. A test flight was successful and put into operation. Boeing's dispersed technicians around the world can pick up any of the tens of thousands of parts of the 777 aircraft to observe, research, and discuss on the computer. All components are 3D solid models. It can be seen that the virtual product design brings benefits to the enterprise.
Application of computer simulation technology, processing methods of parts, process sequence, selection of tooling, selection of process parameters, processing technology, assembly processability, compatibility between fittings, connectivity between connectors, moving components Mobility can be modeled and simulated, and machining defects can be found in advance, and problems occurring during assembly can be found in advance, thereby optimizing the manufacturing process and improving the processing efficiency.
Reasonable formulation of product production process, human resources, manufacturing resources, material inventory, production scheduling, planning and design of production systems, etc., can be optimized by computer simulation, and reliability analysis of production systems can also be carried out. Carrying out analysis and forecasting, analyzing and forecasting the product market, etc., so that the rational allocation of human resources and manufacturing resources is of great significance for shortening the product production cycle and reducing costs.
In summary, the application of virtual manufacturing technology in enterprises can bring many benefits. Virtual product design improves design quality, optimizes product performance, and shortens design cycles. Virtual product manufacturing can improve manufacturing quality, optimize processes, and shorten manufacturing cycles. The virtual production process optimizes resource allocation, logistics management, shortens production cycles, and reduces production costs. Virtual enterprises can enhance the flexibility of enterprises, meet the special requirements of customers, and form the market competitive advantage of enterprises.
The research on virtual manufacturing technology in China has just started, and systematic and comprehensive research has not yet been carried out. At present, it still stays in the combination of theoretical digestion and domestic environment. As long as we strive to create a better foundation, the application of virtual manufacturing technology in Chinese enterprises is not far off.
Radar Level,Radar Level Meter,Radar Level Gauge,Radar Level Sensor
Wuxi Winsun Automation Instrument Co., Ltd , https://www.winsunwx.com