Salvia splendens ker Gawl, also known as firecracker red, cannon red, ivory red, red under the wall, western red, red paulownia, sorrel, and red sage, is a genus of the genus Salvia. A bunch of red inflorescences are slender, bright red, long flowering, and not easy to wither. They can be opened in various festivals such as “May 1stâ€, “Seventh Five-Year†and “National Dayâ€. The landscape effect is good and the festive atmosphere is thick. Large flower beds, flower borders, ideal flowers for the conference venue. Flower bed cultivation or potting is ideal, and it is the most common and most used in the application of gardens and urban environment in China, and the largest amount is used. A bunch of red horticultural cultivation mainly uses seed-breeding seedlings. The seed quality has a great influence on the seedling production. The Hexi region of Gansu is rich in light and heat resources, and the production of a bunch of red seed seeds is full and popular.
1. Biological characteristics
A string of red is a perennial herb, often cultivated annually. The base of the stem is multi-lignified, with a plant height of 20-90 cm. The stem is erect, smooth and has four edges. Leaves opposite, ovate, sharp, margin serrate. The racemes are terminal, the flowers are small and long, and are covered with red pilose, red and warm; small flowers 2-6, round, red, calyx bell-shaped, same color as petals; corolla symmetrical lips The shape is that the upper part is merged into the upper lip by the two lobes, and the lower three lobes are combined to form the lower lip. A bunch of red fruits are nutlets, oval. The fruit contains dark brown seeds with a thousand-grain weight of 3.6 g and a seed life of 1-4 a.
A string of red is native to South America and Brazil. Hi warm and humid climate, heat-resistant, fear of frost, avoid hot weather. The optimum growth temperature is 20-25 ° C, the temperature is below 15 ° C, and the leaves gradually turn yellow to fall off. Especially for dwarf varieties, it has poor heat resistance and is particularly sensitive to high temperature and rain. Hi sunny environment, avoid direct sunlight, can resist half shade. Sensitive to photoperiod response, with short daylighting. If the light is insufficient, the plants are prolonged, the stems and leaves are slender, the leaves turn yellow, and the flowers are often not bright. It is well grown in moist, well-drained, humus-rich loam or sandy loam soil.
2. A bunch of red cultivation techniques
Seedbed preparation: Before the sowing, fertile garden soil and fully decomposed organic fertilizer can be used, and a small amount of phosphorus diamine is added, mixed and finely sieved, and spread on the seedbed with a thickness of 10cm. The general seedbed width is 1.2m, and the length is as needed. And set. In order to prevent the occurrence of squatting, 50% of the carbendazim powder 0.125% solution can be used to spray the surface of the bed, so that the topsoil is wetted.
Seed treatment: soak the seeds in warm water at 30 ° C for 6 h, then wrap them in the gauze bag in the morning, wash the seeds repeatedly with your hands, and wash off the mucus on the surface. After washing, wrap it in wet breeze, put it in the environment of 20-25 °C to germination, rinse twice with warm water every day, about 6-7 days seed germination, you can sow. If you do not need to process 15d seeds, you can sprout.
Sowing at the right time: A bunch of red seeds were planted in the greenhouse in March. When sowing, first pour the seedbed through water. After the water has been infiltrated, the seeds are mixed with four times of fine sand and evenly sprinkled on the seedbed. The seed sowing amount is 15-20 g/m2. After sowing, the sand or moist soil is 0.5-1cm, and the soil is kept moist. Under the condition of sufficient light at 21-23 °C, the seedling can be emerged in about one week. If the temperature is lower than 15 °C, it is difficult to germinate, and the germination is not neat under 20 °C. When the ground temperature is low, it can be covered with plastic film or small arch shed for heat preservation. The greenhouse night temperature is maintained at 15 ° C, and the temperature is 25 ° C.
Timely seedlings: A bunch of red seedlings grow slowly. When the seedlings emit 2-3 true leaves, they can be transplanted. The bed soil of the transplanting seedbed should be applied with decomposed organic fertilizer, mixed and thinned, and the bed should be planted in a thickness of 10cm, and then the seedlings should be planted in the seedling bed at a row spacing of 10cm×10cm, and then watered after planting. It is also possible to use 10 cm × 10 cm of nutrient-coated nutrient soil for seedlings. After that, pay attention to cultivating loose soil to promote strong seedlings.
Colonization: When the seedlings are 4-6 true leaves, they are topped to promote branching and colonization. Before planting, it should be grounded, 5000kg of organic fertilizer per 667 square meters, 40-50kg of diammonium phosphate, deep turning and flattening after fertilization, dig a hole with 35-40cm square, and pour the planting water to cover the mulch. It can also be colonized by first covering the mulch and then transplanting.
Post-plant management:
Temperature management: The optimum temperature of a string of red is 20-25 °C, the leaves turn yellow off below 10 °C, and the leaves and flowers become smaller than 20 °C. In summer, the temperature exceeds 35 °C or continuous rain, and the leaves become yellow. Therefore, during the high temperature period in summer, it is necessary to cool down or properly shade.
Water and fertilizer management: Usually do not like large water, should control the watering, that is, no drought, no watering, otherwise it is prone to yellow leaf defoliation, resulting in large and sparse branches, less flowering, increase the number of watering as appropriate. During the growth period, due to more germination of lateral branches, the plants are gradually fuller, the nutrient consumption is higher, and the demand for phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is higher. The amount of fertilizer must be increased in time to meet the growth needs. It can be sprayed once every 10 days for 0.2%. The potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is good.
Topping and pruning: timely picking and pruning can promote branching, prevent stems from growing, stems become thinner, control plant height, increase flowering number and seed number. The first topping was performed when the seedlings had 4-6 true leaves. 8-10 pieces of true leaves should be topped twice, and the growth should be carried out in the future. It is advisable to leave 1-2 knots for each heart.
3, seed collection
A string of red seeds has infinitely strong characteristics and is easy to fall off. The seed collection should take the opportunity to harvest the seeds in stages. Generally, the small flower tube in the middle of the whole inflorescence turns from red to white, and the color of the sepals becomes dry and brown. Dry, hard, dark brown nuts just ripe, pick the whole inflorescence, fully dry, dry and granulate, and store indoors.
4. Prevention of pests and diseases
The main diseases of a string of red are leaf spot, downy mildew and mosaic disease. Leaf spot and downy mildew can be sprayed with a solution of 65% sensible zinc wettable powder 0.2%: mosaic disease (also called a string of red virus disease), because this disease is mostly caused by aphid transmission, it should be killed in prevention and treatment.蚜 Prevent disease, and promptly dig up the diseased plants and burn them. When the pests are for a long time, they can be sprayed with a solution of 80% dichlorvos, 90% trichlorfon, and 80% dimethoate emulsion 0.01%.
Common insect pests include red spider, whitefly and aphid. If there is red spider damage, it can be sprayed with 0.0067%-0.01% solution of dicofol; if aphids are found, they can be eliminated with 0.01% solution of omethoate;è™± Can be killed by killing 0.01% of the solution.
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