Incandescent lamps, also known as tungsten lamps and bulbs, are electric light sources that heat the filament to an incandescent state and emit visible light using thermal radiation. A source of light that is generated by current flow through a filament to an incandescent state. It was the earliest electric lamp, made of heat-resistant glass and made of tungsten wire. The air is removed from the bulb to prevent the filament from oxidizing or refilled with an inert gas such as argon to reduce the evaporation of the tungsten filament. Since only a small part of the power consumed by the filament is converted into visible light, the luminous efficiency is low, generally 10 to 15 streams/watt. However, it is easy to manufacture, low in cost, quick to start, and simple in wiring, and is still widely used.
In the second half of the 19th century, people began experimenting with incandescent light bulbs that used electric current to heat the filaments in the vacuum. In 1879, TA Edison of the United States made a carbon fiber (ie, carbon filament) incandescent lamp, which was the first to send electric light to the home. In 1907, A. Jasper invented the drawn tungsten wire to make a tungsten incandescent lamp. Shortly thereafter, I. Langmuir of the United States invented a spiral tungsten wire and filled the glass with nitrogen to suppress the evaporation of the tungsten wire. In 1915, it was developed to be filled with an argon-nitrogen mixture. In 1912, Japan's Miura Shunichi made the contact between the filament and the gas as small as possible, and the tungsten filament was developed from a single helix to a double helix, and the luminous efficiency was greatly improved. In 1935, A. Claude of France filled the bulb with helium and neon, which further improved the luminous efficiency. In 1959, the United States developed a tungsten halogen lamp with a small volume and low light decay based on incandescent lamps. The history of incandescent lamps is a history of improving the luminous efficiency of light bulbs. The efficiency of incandescent lamp production has also increased rapidly. In the 1980s, the output of high-speed incandescent high-speed production lines reached 8,000 per hour, and computers were used for quality control.
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