The large truck that whistled past rolled up the dust on the ground, leaving behind a thick diesel smell that made people scowl and frown. Commercial heavy-duty diesel vehicles are important sources of air pollution because of their large displacement and long working hours. The innovation team of the internal combustion engine alternative fuel led by Prof. Yao Chunde of Tianjin University’s State Key Laboratory of Internal Combustion Engines after more than a decade of scientific research has formed a set of mature key technologies and theories of methanol to replace diesel, that is, partial replacement of diesel with methanol. Effectively improve the combustion efficiency of diesel and reduce emissions. At present, more than 100 test vehicles have been applied in 12 provinces and 2 cities. Recently, this achievement has won the second prize of the Ministry of Education's University Scientific Research Outstanding Achievement Award for Technology and Invention.
Diesel engines are the main power plant for China's economic construction. According to the data report of the China Internal Combustion Engine Industry Association, 75% of land transportation in 2016 was carried out by heavy commercial vehicles, characterized by large displacement and long working hours. In 2016, of the 270 million tons of fuel consumed by internal combustion engines, about 160 million tons of diesel were used, of which heavy vehicles, which account for about 14% of commercial vehicle ownership, consumed nearly 50% of diesel. Diesel vehicles are an important source of air pollution. In the aspect of improving the combustion efficiency of diesel vehicles, there has always been a "paradox": the emission of nitrogen oxides and particulates has been eliminated. The introduction of methanol in place of fuel can solve this paradox.
Methanol is a clean fuel for internal-combustion engines. It has a wide range of raw materials for production, a surplus of production capacity, and mature production technology. It is convenient for combustion, cleaning, filling and transportation. However, methanol is difficult to apply directly to diesel engines. The reason is that methanol has a low calorific value and “can't burnâ€, just as the heat generated by burning straw or leaves is completely incommensurable with firewood or coal. There are many difficulties in the application of methanol in diesel engines. For example, it is difficult to compress and burn, and its ignition temperature is more than double that of diesel; it has poor evaporation, and it does not evaporate below 15°C and is incompatible with diesel; in addition, it is also corrosive.
The innovation team of the internal combustion engine alternative fuel led by Prof. Yao Chunde uses the diesel engine for start-up. After the heat engine is operated in dual-fuel mode, it solves the problems of difficult compression ignition and cold start of methanol, incompatibility of methanol and diesel, and poor evaporation of methanol. Its characteristic is that the methanol intake pipe injection, diesel pilot ignition methanol mixture, diesel methanol, real-time optimal ratio, and the engine structure does not need to change.
At present, the technology has reached the maximum replacement rate of 45.6% methanol, the average replacement rate of 32.7%; fuel efficiency increased by 8.7%, the highest value from the original machine to 43.4% to 47.6%. At the same time, after the blending of methanol and diesel fuel, the burning speed is obviously accelerated, and the generation of soot in combustion is reduced, which breaks the curse of the elimination of nitrogen oxides and particulate emissions from diesel engines.
At present, this technology has cooperated with China National Heavy Duty Truck, Valin Auto, Shaanxi Heavy Duty Truck, Dongfeng Automobile, etc. The test vehicle has been applied in 12 provinces and 2 cities. Prof. Yao Chunde calculated for the reporter: If the technology is promoted to all commercial heavy-duty diesel vehicles in the country, the average methanol replacement rate of 30% will mean that the annual savings will be 48 million tons of diesel fuel (by 2016 diesel consumption. 160 million tons); According to the average methanol to diesel replacement ratio of 1.5 (that is, to replace 1 ton of diesel needs 1.5 tons of methanol) to calculate, then the amount of methanol consumed each year is 72 million tons, which is to ease the shortage of oil energy in China, It is of great significance to bring into full play the excess capacity of methanol. At the same time, according to the average methanol price of 2,000 yuan / ton, the average diesel price of 6,500 yuan / ton, annual savings of 172 billion yuan in fuel costs. (China Youth Daily, China Youth Online reporter Hu Chunyan correspondent Liu Xiaoyan)
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