Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, in collaboration with a derivative company called 24M, have developed an advanced process for manufacturing lithium-ion batteries that is expected to significantly reduce production costs and improve battery performance and make them easier to recycle.
The existing lithium ion battery manufacturing method was invented 20 years ago, and the efficiency is low and the process is cumbersome. Jiang Yeming, a professor of ceramics at MIT, co-founder of 24M, and one of the former founders of A123 Battery, and his colleagues proposed the concept of "flow battery" five years ago with a suspension of fine particles. The liquid acts as an electrode and circulates in the battery by pumping. However, analysis shows that the flow battery system is suitable for low energy density batteries, and for high energy density equipment such as lithium ion batteries, it means an increase in cost.
To this end, Jiang Yeming's team improved the design, the new version is called "semi-solid battery": the electrode material does not flow, is a semi-solid colloidal suspension. According to the physicist organization network, unlike the standard process, it is necessary to add a liquid coating on the substrate material, and then the material can be dried before the next process can be started. The new method keeps the electrode material in a liquid state and does not need to be dried at all. The system reduces the amount of delamination and the amount of non-functional materials used in conventional cell structures by 80% by using fewer but thicker electrodes.
Jiang Yeming said that the new process greatly simplifies the manufacturing process and reduces production costs by half. The battery is flexible and more durable, not only can be bent, folded, but will not be damaged even if it is passed through by bullets. This approach can also scale up production, and he estimates that by 2020, the cost per kWh capacity will fall below $100.
At present, 24M has manufactured about 10,000 such batteries on the prototype production line, most of which are being tested by three industrial partners, including an oil company in Thailand and IHI Corporation, a Japanese heavy equipment manufacturer. The new process has obtained 8 patents and another 75 patents are under review.
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