Solar energy is rich in resources, widely distributed and has broad prospects for development and utilization. As an important means of solar energy utilization, solar power has received widespread attention from countries in the world. In recent years, solar power generation technology has made rapid progress, and the scale of the industry has continued to expand. Statistics from the last 10 years show that the annual output of solar photovoltaic cells in the world has increased by about 6 times, with an average annual increase of more than 50%. In 2013, the global battery production scale maintained its growth momentum, with a production capacity of more than 63 GW (excluding thin-film batteries) and a production capacity of 40.3 GW. Compared with 2012, the growth rate was 7.5%, and the ratio of polysilicon cells to monocrystalline cells was about 3:1.
Solar cells are growing year by year. Mainland China ranks first in the world with 25.1GW of output, and production accounts for about 63% of global production. With the continuous decline in the cost of power generation, photovoltaic power generation technology has achieved a large-scale application in the world. Driven by the international market, China's solar photovoltaic industry has developed rapidly, and both photovoltaic technology and cost have formed certain international competitiveness. Judging from the development trend, solar power generation will soon become a renewable energy source that is technically feasible, economically reasonable, and has the conditions for large-scale development, and will play an important role in China’s reasonable control of total energy consumption and the realization of non-fossil energy targets.
Grid-connected photovoltaic power plants and distributed grid-connected photovoltaic power generation systems integrated with buildings are the main utilization methods of photovoltaic power generation. Distributed photovoltaic power generation has the advantage of using photovoltaic power generation on the user side closer to the local power consumption, and the advantages of local power consumption. The country is accelerating the promotion of user-side distributed grid-connected photovoltaic power generation systems and encouraging public facilities in the cities and towns where conditions permit. Photovoltaic power generation systems are installed on the roofs of commercial buildings and industrial parks to support access to photovoltaic power generation systems in the internal grid of large industrial enterprises. In the national electricity load, industrial electricity accounts for about 80% of the total electricity consumption, and it ranks first in the electricity load. Urban household electricity consumption accounts for 6.3%, which is second only to industrial electricity consumption.
The construction of distributed power grid communities can rely on residential residential distributed photovoltaic power generation technology. Establishing an operating technology system and energy management method in which residential power grid communities provide power to industrial and commercial users will enhance the stability of power supply, reduce the cost of electricity for users, and improve the weak power supply grid The situation will set off a revolution that will change China's electricity supply.
I. Construction Mode of Residents' Distributed Grid Community
1. Construction financing mode
The financing during the construction period will build a profit model for residents’ share dividends on the basis of ensuring the residents’ own funds for power station construction. The construction of the public power cable line and the construction cost of the booster station are obtained from residents' equity shares. The main credit of the bank is residents, relying on the bank's credit business to realize the securitization of the power station.
During the operation period, operation, maintenance, and settlement services of operation and maintenance service providers are supervised and managed by the management committee composed of resident communities, and the management committee organizes the resident community to apportion the operation and maintenance service fees, operation and maintenance service providers, and business and industry. After the users (part of their own electricity bills), the power grid (electricity part of the Internet) and the national government (subsidy) are settled, the profits will be distributed according to the equity ratio.
2. Photovoltaic building construction
With the continuous maturation of photovoltaic thin film technology, the conversion efficiency of components in the same area has been continuously improved, and the combination of thin film technology with photovoltaic building design applied to roofs, curtain walls, and glass (transparent components) of building bodies will effectively increase the irradiated area and increase power generation.
PV string multi-phase inverters are used to implement multi-path MPPT tracking. Each component can be monitored in real time and the power balance can be adjusted. The PID effect can be eliminated and the string mismatch loss can be reduced, so that the power station can be kept in a state of dynamic balance to ensure the maximum power output. , In turn, improve the overall power generation efficiency of the power station.
3. Grid Community Construction
The distributed photovoltaic power stations constructed by 20-50 residential buildings are converged to a power grid booster station to form an independent power grid to supply power to the nearest industrial or commercial power supply. The schematic diagram shown in Figure 1:
Fig.1 Sketch map of residential distributed power grids
4. Intelligent monitoring system construction
The distributed power grid community adopts a centralized monitoring and management model and monitors the distributed power plants by establishing local wireless base stations. A central communication base station is set near the central control room, and several sub-base stations are set up in the photovoltaic area and equipment area of ​​the distributed power station to enhance signal reception and transmission. Monitoring signals and control signals are transmitted through wireless communication technologies, and the central control room receives the signals and then transmits them through the Internet. Real-time data is automatically uploaded to the cloud storage. The operation and maintenance personnel can monitor and control the power station in any location where there is a wireless network through a mobile client (Professional Edition) or using Internet-based software to call cloud storage information. Open mobile phone APP client (client version) for residents of distributed power stations to enable shareholders to implement supervision and profitability transparency of power stations. The schematic diagram is shown in Figure 2:
Figure 2 Communities intelligent monitoring of residential distributed power grids
The real-time collection of power plant equipment signals and electrical relay protection actions can achieve automatic alarm or quick-break under fault conditions to prevent the fault from expanding; at the same time, it provides operational and maintenance personnel with real-time power plant fault data and historical fault data in comparison to help operation and maintenance personnel implement Multiple power station management.
Through the mining of multi-power station data, the operation status, fault information and aging trend of the power plant equipment are analyzed. The analogy and analysis of multi-power stations are performed using cloud computing technology to help the operation and maintenance personnel to monitor and operate, and the distributed power grid community is managed in an integrated manner.
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