Author: Chen Zhen
When it comes to biomass, maybe you can immediately think of the food on our table, the wooden furniture in the room, the green grass in the park, and so on. But do you know that we can take these ordinary biomass, even agricultural and forestry waste, such as straw, instead of oil, to produce gasoline, diesel, clothing, pharmaceuticals, high-performance materials?
This is biorefinery – a process that combines chemical and biotechnology with biomass that can be continuously regenerated on the earth, transforming it into energy, chemicals, raw materials, etc., so that it can partially or completely replace petrochemicals. Refined product chain. Simply put, this is a new model of sustainable development that can change our production and life.
Compared with petrochemical refining, biorefinery has undergone a fundamental change in the choice of raw materials and processing methods. The earth is rich in biomass resources, such as plants all over the land and microalgae all over the ocean. These biomass resources are renewable and inexhaustible. The carbon dioxide produced by the biomass in the process of processing and production can be consumed as a raw material for plant photosynthesis, so the whole process is a recyclable eco-industrial process, which can theoretically achieve zero carbon emission.
So how does biorefinery work? Take the corn we are familiar with as an example. The whole body of corn is a treasure. Whether it is corn seed or straw or cob, it can be used as raw material for biorefinery. Corn kernels are rich in starch, protein and oil, and corn stover is rich in carbohydrates such as cellulose and fibrin. Through the modern chemical processing method, these components contained in corn can be separated to obtain basic raw materials such as starch, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, oil and protein.
These basic materials can be used directly as products and further deep processing. The carbohydrates such as starch, cellulose and hemicellulose are further decomposed into five carbon sugars and six carbon sugars by enzyme catalysis or chemical catalysis. These two kinds of sugars can be directly used as raw materials for microbial fermentation to synthesize two carbon to six carbon. Platform compounds such as ethanol, lactic acid, butylene glycol, and the like. Lignin can be used as a raw material to form aromatic hydrocarbon compounds by chemical catalysis. The two-carbon to six-carbon platform compounds and aromatic hydrocarbon compounds can be used as basic chemical raw materials to synthesize fibers, plastics, rubber, pharmaceuticals, fertilizers, pesticides, etc. through modern organic chemical industrial systems. Corn oil can synthesize biodiesel under the catalysis of lipase. Biodiesel, ethanol, butanol, etc. can be used as energy products for fuels, automobiles, ships and ships. It can be seen that after biorefinery, small corn will become a resource treasure, producing a variety of products traditionally refined by petroleum.
Corn is just one of many biomass resources. Currently, chemical and chemical experts are targeting other richer biomass resources as raw materials for biorefinery, such as non-food crops, large amounts of discarded crop straw, sugar cane bagasse, forestry waste, Microalgae, etc. Through the development of these resources, the rapid development of biorefinery can be realized under the premise of ensuring the safety of food resources.
Various countries in the world are also in the process of formulating their own biorefinery roadmaps to realize the transformation of fossil economy to bio-economy. It is conceivable that in the near future, biorefinery based on renewable biomass resources and clean processing methods can fundamentally transform our process of processing and utilizing resources to achieve coordinated development of industry and ecology.
Guangming Daily (10th edition, August 19th, 2016)
When it comes to biomass, maybe you can immediately think of the food on our table, the wooden furniture in the room, the green grass in the park, and so on. But do you know that we can take these ordinary biomass, even agricultural and forestry waste, such as straw, instead of oil, to produce gasoline, diesel, clothing, pharmaceuticals, high-performance materials?
This is biorefinery – a process that combines chemical and biotechnology with biomass that can be continuously regenerated on the earth, transforming it into energy, chemicals, raw materials, etc., so that it can partially or completely replace petrochemicals. Refined product chain. Simply put, this is a new model of sustainable development that can change our production and life.
Compared with petrochemical refining, biorefinery has undergone a fundamental change in the choice of raw materials and processing methods. The earth is rich in biomass resources, such as plants all over the land and microalgae all over the ocean. These biomass resources are renewable and inexhaustible. The carbon dioxide produced by the biomass in the process of processing and production can be consumed as a raw material for plant photosynthesis, so the whole process is a recyclable eco-industrial process, which can theoretically achieve zero carbon emission.
So how does biorefinery work? Take the corn we are familiar with as an example. The whole body of corn is a treasure. Whether it is corn seed or straw or cob, it can be used as raw material for biorefinery. Corn kernels are rich in starch, protein and oil, and corn stover is rich in carbohydrates such as cellulose and fibrin. Through the modern chemical processing method, these components contained in corn can be separated to obtain basic raw materials such as starch, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, oil and protein.
These basic materials can be used directly as products and further deep processing. The carbohydrates such as starch, cellulose and hemicellulose are further decomposed into five carbon sugars and six carbon sugars by enzyme catalysis or chemical catalysis. These two kinds of sugars can be directly used as raw materials for microbial fermentation to synthesize two carbon to six carbon. Platform compounds such as ethanol, lactic acid, butylene glycol, and the like. Lignin can be used as a raw material to form aromatic hydrocarbon compounds by chemical catalysis. The two-carbon to six-carbon platform compounds and aromatic hydrocarbon compounds can be used as basic chemical raw materials to synthesize fibers, plastics, rubber, pharmaceuticals, fertilizers, pesticides, etc. through modern organic chemical industrial systems. Corn oil can synthesize biodiesel under the catalysis of lipase. Biodiesel, ethanol, butanol, etc. can be used as energy products for fuels, automobiles, ships and ships. It can be seen that after biorefinery, small corn will become a resource treasure, producing a variety of products traditionally refined by petroleum.
Corn is just one of many biomass resources. Currently, chemical and chemical experts are targeting other richer biomass resources as raw materials for biorefinery, such as non-food crops, large amounts of discarded crop straw, sugar cane bagasse, forestry waste, Microalgae, etc. Through the development of these resources, the rapid development of biorefinery can be realized under the premise of ensuring the safety of food resources.
Various countries in the world are also in the process of formulating their own biorefinery roadmaps to realize the transformation of fossil economy to bio-economy. It is conceivable that in the near future, biorefinery based on renewable biomass resources and clean processing methods can fundamentally transform our process of processing and utilizing resources to achieve coordinated development of industry and ecology.
Guangming Daily (10th edition, August 19th, 2016)
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