Polyolefins can be cracked under heat to produce low molecular weight compounds, such as gases, liquids, and solids. Gases can be used as gas, liquids are used as gasoline, diesel, etc., and solids are used as paving materials. In the presence of a catalyst, the cracking mechanism or cracking rate is altered to cause changes in product components. The polyolefin decomposes in the presence of a catalyst, and its decomposition rate is greatly increased. For example, when PE has a zeolite catalyst in the molten salt decomposition furnace, it decomposes at 420-580c, and the decomposition rate thereof is increased by 2 to 7 times. The presence of the catalyst also affects the product components. The catalyst was used to crack the polymer waste PE. It was found that the presence of the catalyst can reduce the residue of the polymer cracking, that is, the catalyst easily causes the polymer to produce low molecular weight compounds.
It may accelerate the cracking rate, and may also change the cracking mechanism. At the same time, it is found that the alkaline catalyst is prone to generate unsaturated hydrocarbons, and some acidic catalysts are not easy to generate unsaturated hydrocarbons.
Waste PE and PP polymers can be cracked at high temperatures (>35012), and the cracking products vary with temperature. When the cracking temperature is 800 °C, most of the thermal decomposition products are ethylene, propylene and methane; at moderate temperatures between 400 and 50012, the thermal decomposition products have liquid, gas and solid residues, of which gas accounts for 20% to 40%, liquid 35% to 70%, residue 10% to 30%; cracking at lower temperatures produces more high boiling hydrocarbon compounds or oligomers. As the temperature increases, the content of the low molecular weight substance increases, and it is a gas at normal temperature.
A hydraulic accessory is a component or attachment that enhances the functionality or performance of a hydraulic system. These accessories are designed to work in conjunction with hydraulic systems to provide additional capabilities or improve efficiency. Some common hydraulic accessories include:
1. Hydraulic cylinders: These are devices that convert hydraulic power into linear mechanical force and motion. They are used in various applications such as construction equipment, industrial machinery, and automotive systems.
2. Hydraulic pumps: These are devices that generate hydraulic power by converting mechanical energy into fluid pressure. They are responsible for providing the necessary force to operate hydraulic systems.
3. Hydraulic valves: These are devices that control the flow and direction of hydraulic fluid within a system. They are used to regulate the pressure, flow rate, and direction of fluid to ensure proper operation and safety.
4. Hydraulic filters: These are components that remove contaminants from hydraulic fluid to maintain system cleanliness and prevent damage to hydraulic components. They help to prolong the life of the system and improve its performance.
5. Hydraulic hoses and fittings: These are components that connect various parts of a hydraulic system together, allowing the transfer of hydraulic fluid between different components. They are designed to withstand high pressures and ensure leak-free operation.
6. Hydraulic reservoirs: These are containers that store hydraulic fluid for the system. They help to maintain the fluid level, dissipate heat, and remove air bubbles from the fluid.
7. Hydraulic power units: These are self-contained systems that include a Hydraulic Pump, motor, reservoir, and control valves. They are used in applications where a standalone hydraulic power source is required.
8. Hydraulic accumulators: These are devices that store hydraulic energy in the form of pressurized fluid. They are used to supplement the power output of hydraulic systems during peak demand periods or to provide emergency power in case of system failure.
These are just a few examples of hydraulic accessories, and there are many more available in the market to meet specific application requirements.
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