1. Basic knowledge of charge steel The charge steel refers to the steel that is recycled or damaged in the production and living project as recycled steel: recycled steel products (including semi-finished products) and steels such as machinery, equipment, equipment, structural parts, structures and daily necessities. Some are such as recycled steel ingots, billets, blanks, cutting heads, tails, steel castings, steel rolls, train shafts, rails, pipes, heavy machinery parts, cutting structural parts, axles, used industrial equipment, etc.
2, classification of charge steel
2.1 Furnace steel can be divided into four categories according to its source:
(1) Self-produced furnace steel. Cutting heads, tail cutting, residual steel, rolling waste, etc. from steelmaking and steel rolling processes in steel companies. These furnace steels are called self-produced furnace steels, also known as "internal charge steels". Self-produced furnace steel is usually recycled within the company and does not enter the market.
(2) Processing furnace steel. Furnace steel (ie, processed iron filings) from the domestic manufacturing and processing industry is called processing furnace steel. Processing furnace steel is usually returned to the steel industry in a short period of time, so it is also called "short-term charge steel".
(3) Depreciation charge steel. Domestic steel products (such as machinery and equipment, vehicles, containers, household appliances, etc.), at the end of their useful life, and recovered after the charge of the furnace steel, called depreciation furnace steel. It usually takes a long time (more than 10 years). Therefore, the depreciation charge steel is also called "long-term charge steel".
(4) Imported furnace steel. Mainly from waste vessels imported from abroad.
2.2 Furnace steel is divided into heavy waste, medium waste, light waste, small waste, and waste by its weight and type and specifications.
2.3 Furnace steel can be divided into smelting furnace steel and non-melting furnace steel according to its application. The charge steel described in this spot trading manual refers specifically to the furnace steel for smelting.
(1) Furnace steel for smelting: steel scrap and steel products that cannot be used as they are and must be used for smelting and recycling.
(2) Non-smelting furnace steel: It cannot be used as the original purpose, and it is not used as a steel product for smelting recovery or reforming.
3. Quality standard for furnace steel (this manual refers specifically to furnace steel for smelting)
The applicable standards are GB4223-2004 and industry related standards.
4. The industrial chain of furnace steel is centered on furnace steel, and there are many related industries, including steel mills, shipbreakers, shipyards, casting factories, diesel engine factories, scrap metal materials recycling industries, etc., which constitute the huge upper, middle and lower reaches of the furnace steel. Industry chain. The main force in the upstream comes from shipbreaking plants, depreciable furnace steels and some processing enterprises. The steel mill is the most important link, and it is the largest downstream demand enterprise. The inventory and demand of major steel mills play a vital role in the trend of furnace steel prices.
5. Furnace steel is the most important substitute for iron ore. Among the raw materials for steel production, iron ore is a primary resource and the amount of mining is limited. Furnace steel is a kind of renewable resource, from steel→product→use→recycling→returning steelmaking. Every 8~30 years or so, a cycle of continuous accumulation, continuous production, infinite recycling, and natural loss is very low, the utilization rate is extremely high. Therefore, the charge steel is an important strategic resource.
China is a country with relatively poor iron ore resources, and needs to import a large amount of iron ore every year to meet the needs of steel production. In 2012, imported iron ore reached a record 74.6 million tons, accounting for more than 50% of China's total iron ore application, and its dependence on foreign countries reached 71%. Each price increase brought huge tens of billions of yuan to China. Economic loss. As a raw material for steelmaking, charge steel is the only substitute for iron ore. Increasing the investment in the furnace steel industry and improving the supply capacity of the furnace steel resources is an important way to alleviate the tight import situation of iron ore.
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