- 1.1 Introduction to Super Austenitic Stainless Steel
The basic metallographic structure of super austenitic stainless steel is typical, 100% austenite. However, due to the high content of chromium and molybdenum, it is likely that some metal intermediate phases will appear. These metallic intermediate phases often appear in the center of the sheet. However, if the heat treatment is correct, the formation of these metal mesophases is avoided, resulting in nearly 100% austenite. The metallographic structure of 254SMO does not have any other metallic mesophase. The tissue is obtained after heat treatment at a temperature of 1150 to 1200 °C.
In actual use, if a small amount of metal mesophase is present, they will not have a great influence on the mechanical properties and the corrosion resistance of the surface. However, try to avoid temperatures ranging from 600 to 1000 degrees, especially during welding and hot working.
1.2 Mechanical properties
 Austenitic structures generally have moderate strength and high forgeability . After adding a certain amount of nitrogen, in addition to improving the anti-corrosion ability, the high-nitrogen super austenitic stainless steel has high mechanical strength while maintaining the forgeability and toughness of the austenitic stainless steel . Its yield strength is 50 to 100% higher than that of ordinary austenitic stainless steel. The effects of nitrogen on mechanical properties at room temperature and higher temperatures are shown in Tables 1 and 2, respectively.Table 1 Mechanical properties of high alloy austenitic stainless steel at +20 °C
alloy
Steel grade
Nitrogen content
Yield Strength
tensile strength
Elongation
ASTM
EN
GB
%
Rp0.2MPa
RmMPa
As%
316L
316L
1.4404
0.06
220
520
45
904L
NO8904
1.4539
00Cr20Ni25Mo4.5Cu
0.06
220
520
35
317LMN
317LMN
1.4439
0.15
270
580
40
254SMO
S31254
1.4547
00Cr20Ni18Mo6CuN
0.20
300
650
40
654SMO
S32654
1.4652
0.50
430
750
40
Table 2 Yield strength of high alloy austenitic stainless steel at high temperature (Rp0.2MPa)
alloy
ASTM
EN*
GB
Nitrogen content%
100 ° C
200 ° C
400 ° C
316L
316L
1.4404
0.06
166
137
108
904L
N08904
1.4539
00Cr20Ni25Mo4.5Cu
0.06
225
175
125
317LMN
317LMN
1.4439
0.15
225
185
150
254SMO
S31254
1.4547
00Cr20Ni18Mo6CuN
0.20
230
190
160
654SMO
S32654
1.4652
0.50
350
315
295
As shown in Tables 1 and 2, the mechanical strength increases with increasing nitrogen content at all temperatures. Although the strength is much increased, the elongation of super austenitic stainless steel is still high. Even higher than the elongation of many low alloy steels. This is mainly due to its high nitrogen content and another feature associated with it - high work hardening rate. Therefore, the cold-formed parts can be obtained with high strength, and the use of this characteristic includes pipes and bolts in deep wells. Like ordinary austenitic stainless steels, the low temperature properties of super austenitic stainless steels are also very good. The impact resistance and fracture resistance of super austenitic stainless steels are very high and will only decrease slightly at temperatures as low as -196 °C.
1.3 Physical properties
Physical properties depend primarily on the austenitic structure and also depend in part on the chemical composition of the material. That is to say, super austenitic stainless steel is not much different in physical properties than ordinary austenitic stainless steel, such as 304 or 316. Table 3 lists some typical physical property values ​​for different alloys.Table 3 Physical properties of some stainless steels and a nickel-based alloy
alloy
Steel grade
density
Elastic Modulus
KN/mm2Thermal expansion coefficient × 10-6 / ° C
Thermal conductivity W/m°C
ASTM
EN*
GB
Kg/dm3
20 ° C
400 ° C
20 ° C
400 ° C
20 ° C
400 ° C
2205
S31803
1.4462
7.8
200
172
13.0
14.5
15
20
304
304
1.4301
7.9
200
172
16.0
17.5
15
20
254SMO
S31254
1.4547
00Cr20Ni18Mo6CuN
8.0
195
166
16.5
18.0
14
18
Alloy 625
N06625
2.4856
8.4
200
180
12.0
13.5
10
16
The 6-molybdenum super austenitic stainless steel has a higher thermal expansion than the duplex stainless steel 2205, so some deformation may occur at the joint during welding. Although the thermal expansion of nickel-based alloys is generally low, their poor thermal conductivity just offsets this advantage. These physical properties are of great importance, especially when designing stainless steel parts or stainless steel to join other alloys.
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