The karst area in Shanxi is large, and the karst springs are widely distributed. Among them, Guozhuangquan is one of the six major springs in the province. The spring areas are distributed in Jinzhong, Luliang and Linyi. As the second largest karst spring in Shanxi, Guo Zhuangquan has always been the “lifeline†for drinking water and industrial and agricultural production in the spring area. It is now the last source of water for some counties and cities.
However, the large-scale industrial project, which is regarded as a model for the transformation and development of Shanxi, is a 2.4 million tons alumina project of Shanxi Xinfa Jiaokou Meimei Aluminum Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as “Shanxi Xinfaâ€) under the Shandong Xinfa Aluminum Group. In the absence of necessary EIA approval and project approval, it was rushed to launch and built in the Guozhuang Spring Reserve.
Relevant experts believe that the project extracts a large amount of karst groundwater and red mud disorderly stacking, which makes many counties and cities in the lower reaches of the spring area face major environmental risks. Once encountering a large and continuous drought, some downstream counties and cities will have no emergency water source available, endangering several 100,000 people have safe drinking water.
Big dry fast is called transformational development model
An expert from Shanxi Water Resources Research Institute said that because alumina is a high-water-consuming industry, Shanxi Xinfa's 2.4 million tons of alumina project was brewing, and Lingshi, Daixi, Huozhou and other counties in Jiaokou County and Guozhuang Springs. Relevant persons have raised objections to the impact of the project on the water environment of the spring area, and requested to reduce the design capacity or slow construction.
The per capita water resources in Shanxi is only 1/6 of the national average. It ranks first in the country for several consecutive years, and economic and social development suffers from water shortage.
Shanxi local regulations clearly stipulate that in the major spring protection areas including Guo Zhuangquan, the new high-water-consumption industrial projects will be strictly controlled, and the karst groundwater will be used as a strategic reserve water resource, mainly for domestic water and dry years. Emergency backup water source.
An expert from Shanxi Water Resources Research Institute said that because alumina is a high-water-consuming industry, Shanxi Xinfa's 2.4 million tons of alumina project was brewing, and Lingshi, Daixi, Huozhou and other counties in Jiaokou County and Guozhuang Springs. Relevant persons have raised objections to the impact of the project on the water environment of the spring area, and requested to reduce the design capacity or slow construction.
On April 1st, the “Economic Information Daily†reporter came to the construction site of Shanxi Xinfa 2.4 million tons of alumina project in Huilong Township, Jiaokou County. The grand production and construction scenes were on display: in the north of Huilong River. The south of the Taogan Highway is three kilometers long from east to west and 300 meters wide from north to south. The production facilities such as thermal power stations, rotary kiln and bauxite silos are arranged in the same way from the top to the bottom of the river. The whole factory is dusty. The steam is diffused, the pipes are crossed, and large transport vehicles shuttle.
The predecessor of Shanxi Xinfa's 2.4 million tons of alumina project is the annual output of 800,000 tons of alumina in Jiaomei Aluminum. The project was originally designed to produce 300,000 tons of alumina per year, and later expanded to 800,000 tons. The production process was by Bayer. The law was transformed into a series method, which was invested and constructed by Shandong Dongyue Energy Co., Ltd., affiliated to Shandong Feicheng Mining Group in 2006.
In June 2010, Shandong Xinfa Aluminum and Electric Group acquired the entire equity and related debts of Jiaomei Aluminum in the total price of 1.037 billion yuan. Since March 2011, Xinfa Group has invested 12 billion yuan to expand its production capacity on the basis of the 800,000 tons alumina project of Jiaomei Aluminum, and started construction of an annual output of 2.4 million tons of alumina.
Gu Xin, deputy general manager of Shanxi Xinfa, told reporters that the first phase of 1.2 million tons of alumina project was completed and put into operation in October 2011; the second phase of 1.2 million tons of alumina project is under construction, the main machinery and equipment is about to be put in place, and it is expected that the first half of this year Can be put into production.
The construction of Shanxi Xinfa's 2.4 million tons of alumina project is progressing rapidly. It is known as “the speed of letter and hair†and “the miracle of Xinfa†in Shanxi. The local media said that the project has created many “world's bestâ€.
Zhang Xiaohong, head of the Economic Operation Section of Jiaokou County Economic and Information Bureau, told reporters that according to the plan, on the basis of the 2.4 million tons of alumina project, Shandong Xinfa Aluminum and Electric Group will invest 40 billion yuan in Jiaokou County during the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†period. In the year, we will build projects such as electrolytic aluminum, carbon and aluminum profiles, so that the new replacement industry of aluminum industry will become the pillar industry for the transformation and development of Jiaokou.
A cadre from the Comprehensive Office of the Shanxi Provincial Economic and Information Committee told reporters that in the province's economic information system, the construction of Shanxi Xinfa's 2.4 million tons of alumina project has been influential and has become a model for industrial transformation and development.
"Is sick with the horse" project was not approved for construction
The National Development and Reform Commission's Development and Reform Operation [2007] No. 709 clearly requires that the relevant provisions of the alumina investment project approval and environmental protection approval be strictly implemented, and the environmental protection departments will not be newly built or rebuilt or expanded without the effective approval of the state investment authorities. Go through the relevant procedures.
Alumina is a “two high and one capital†industry, and the state strictly limits the expansion of the industry. The State Council's Guofa [2004] No. 20 document stipulates that the new alumina project is a state-approved investment project. The State Council Office of the State Council [2003] No. 103, the National Development and Reform Commission Development and Reform Industry [2004] No. 1791 and other documents clearly require that any alumina project not approved in accordance with national regulations shall not be allowed to start construction.
Shanxi Xinfa's 2.4 million tons of alumina project was built in the Guozhuang Spring Reserve, which is very sensitive to the water environment. How did it pass the project approval and environmental impact assessment of the relevant state departments?
As early as January 2005, the National Development and Reform Commission issued a reform and industrial [2005] No. 155 document pointed out that Jiaotong Meimei Aluminum Industry's annual output of 300,000 tons of alumina project was approved by the Shanxi Provincial Economic and Trade Commission for violation of regulations, and it was not allowed to start construction without the approval of the state. In April of the same year, the project was started without authorization according to the law, and was suspended by the State Environmental Protection Administration, and ordered to complete the formalities within a time limit. Until December 2009, the State Environmental Protection Administration approved the environmental assessment of the 800,000 tons of alumina project for the Jiaomei Aluminum Industry.
The National Development and Reform Commission's Development and Reform Operation [2007] No. 709 clearly requires that the relevant provisions of the alumina investment project approval and environmental protection approval be strictly implemented, and the environmental protection departments will not be newly built or rebuilt or expanded without the effective approval of the state investment authorities. Go through the relevant procedures.
The annual production of 800,000 tons of alumina in Jiaomei Aluminum has not been approved by the National Development and Reform Commission. After being acquired by Shandong Xinfa Aluminum Group, it has implemented an annual output of 2.4 million tons of alumina. The production capacity has tripled and 160 new ones. Has the 10,000-ton capacity been approved and approved by relevant state departments?
Shanxi Xinfa is indifferent to this. Gu Shengxin, the deputy general manager of the company, told the reporter of the Economic Information Daily that he was not clear about the project approval procedures and environmental assessment procedures. The specific issues should be discussed by the company's planning department. Minister Sun told reporters that he would not accept media interviews and refused to visit the project production and construction site.
Li Changhong, chief engineer of Jiaokou County Development and Reform Bureau, told reporters that if the National Development and Reform Commission approved the Shanxi Xinfa Alumina Project, it would inform the County Development and Reform Bureau, but the county has never received a notice.
Qiu Qiusheng, deputy director of the Jiaokou County Environmental Protection Bureau, also told reporters that the EIA report on the new production capacity of the Shanxi Xinfa Alumina Project should be approved by the Ministry of Environmental Protection. The Bureau has not received any notice or approval from the Ministry of Environmental Protection.
On April 6, the reporter learned from the Industry Department of the National Development and Reform Commission that Shanxi Xinfa's 2.4 million tons of alumina project was not approved by the National Development and Reform Commission and was a violation of the project.
At the same time, the reporter got a reply from the Environmental Assessment Department of the Ministry of Environmental Protection. Shanxi Xinfa added 1.6 million tons of alumina capacity. Its EIA report has not been approved by the Ministry of Environmental Protection and is illegal.
The reporter turned to contact Zhang Xinyue, deputy general manager of Shanxi Xinfa. Zhang told reporters that the project approval and EIA approval procedures are currently being processed.
Plundering water for significant environmental risks
An expert from the Ecological Environment Research Center of the Shanxi Academy of Environmental Sciences said that after the Shanxi Xinfa 2.4 million tons of alumina project was put into production, about 3.6 million tons of red mud will be produced each year. Red mud contains a lot of strong alkaline chemicals, which can easily cause serious water pollution when it penetrates into the ground.
Guozhuang Springs covers an area of ​​5,600 square kilometers and is mainly distributed in Huozhou, Luxi, Hongdong in Linyi, Lingshi in Jinzhong, Liyang, Xiaoyi and Jiaokou in Luliang.
Suo Hui, director of the Management Department of Shanxi Provincial Water Resources Department, told reporters that Guo Zhuangquan has always been the most important source of water for agriculture and residents in the region. It is no exaggeration to say that Guo Zhuangquan is the "life spring" of Linyi, Jinzhong and Luliang.
Su Hui told reporters that Guo Zhuangquan had an average flow of about seven or eight cubic meters per second more than a decade ago, but now it is less than a quarter of the previous one, and many springs have been cut off. "Guo Zhuangquan's decay rate is rare. It is the most important reason to chase deep wells and overtake karst groundwater in the spring area." Once Guo Zhuangquan was exhausted, the consequences were unimaginable.
In November 2006, the Shanxi Provincial Water Resources Department said in the approval of the water supply permit application for the annual production of 800,000 tons of alumina in Jiaomei Aluminum, the total annual water withdrawal of the project is 7.052 million cubic meters, including the surface water supply of Xishan Reservoir. L200,000 cubic meters, extracting 5.852 million cubic meters of karst groundwater in Guozhuang spring area, permitting the installation of ll eyes and well depth of 460-500 meters.
In particular, the approval pointed out that “the waste water generated by precipitation and leaching in the area of ​​the Jiaozuo alumina project site, the red mud yard and the ash slag site may have a certain impact on the water environment of the Guozhuang spring areaâ€. The reply also stated that if the project was not approved by the state, the approval was invalid.
After the capacity increase, the Shanxi Xinfa Alumina Project, how much water should it take from Guozhuangquan every year? Gu Shengxin, the company's deputy general manager, told reporters that he is responsible for production management, but it is unclear about the consumption of new water per ton of alumina and the use of underground karst water.
The villagers of Shizuihui Village and Houjiaqu Village where the project is located told reporters that the company has played a lot of deep wells in the company. Even the local employees who work in the company are not clear. They only know that the deep wells in the factory are densely covered, and the groundwater is continuously pumped around the clock. . The villagers said that in less than half a year, the water level in the village's water wells will drop a lot, and they will see the bottom.
A technical staff member of Jiaokou County Water Affairs Bureau told reporters that Shanxi Xinfa's alumina production capacity has tripled on the basis of the original, and the water consumption will inevitably increase several times. The annual output of 2.4 million tons of alumina project is about to start, at least every year. Guo Zhuangquan extracted about 17 million cubic meters of karst groundwater.
"This is equivalent to inserting a lot of thick needles into the human arteries. The consequences of continuous blood draw are not difficult to imagine," he said.
Gao Bo, deputy director of the Management Office of Guozhuang Springs, told reporters that the Provincial Water Resources Management Office allowed the annual water intake in Guozhuang Springs to be about 160 million cubic meters. The annual water allocation index assigned to Luliang City was 37.4 million cubic meters, and a Shanxi Xinfa water intake would It accounts for 10% of the entire spring area and nearly half of Luliang City, which is more than the sum of the water consumption of urban life in the six counties of Guozhuang Spring.
"In the case of Guo Zhuangquan's gradual decline, Shanxi Xinfa's predatory water withdrawal with the expansion of production scale, the destruction of the spring field will be devastating." Gao Bo said.
An expert from the Ecological Environment Research Center of the Shanxi Academy of Environmental Sciences said that after the Shanxi Xinfa 2.4 million tons of alumina project was put into production, about 3.6 million tons of red mud will be produced each year. Red mud contains a lot of strong alkaline chemicals, which can easily cause serious water pollution when it penetrates into the ground.
The expert told reporters that once a pollution accident occurs in the red mud yard, no matter what kind of treatment measures are adopted, it is difficult to recover and control. Therefore, the environmental assessment of the red mud yard is extremely strict, involving multiple complicated links, and it requires careful and careful .
He pointed out that the Shanxi Xinfa Alumina Project has greatly increased production capacity without the approval of the EIA. It is very sloppy; the safety of the red mud yard, which has not been fully demonstrated, is worrying.
Yuan Daoxian, a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and a researcher at the Institute of Karst Geology of the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, told reporters that underground rivers in karst areas often lack natural anti-seepage or filtration layers, which are particularly sensitive to environmental pollution. Surface water and pollutants are easily accessible directly into the karst springs. The red mud yard is not reliable without strict and standardized procedures, which exposes the downstream underground river to the risk of water pollution.
Guo Zhuang, director of the Management Office of Quanzhuang Springs, told reporters that Guo Zhuangquan’s karst water in Jiaokou County flows from north to south and from northwest to southeast, and flows to Lingshi, Daixi, Huozhou and Qixian, respectively. Water is over-exploited at the intersection, which will inevitably lead to serious overdraft of groundwater strategic reserve resources. If there are water pollution accidents, special dry years or continuous drought years, some downstream counties and cities will have no emergency water source available, endangering hundreds of thousands. People's drinking water is safe.
A cadre of the Environmental Protection Bureau of Luliang City told reporters that in the case of water-scarce areas such as Jiaokou, the transformation and development must be based on the regional water resources conditions to rationally lay out the industrial structure, and the more the industrial projects that have a major impact on local economic and social development, the more Use water to set the demand and measure the water.
He believes that although Jiaokou County has bauxite resources, it ignores environmental risks, and the alumina project with huge capacity and high water consumption is not a real transformation.
Yuan Gangming, a researcher at the Institute of Economics of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, said in an interview with the Economic Information Daily that environmental capacity is the basis for economic and social development, structural and layout adjustment, and environmental improvement is a priority for transformation and development. Hold the bottom line. If we turn transformation into a diversion, we will continue to take the road of blind expansion, high-intensity consumption of resources, and destruction of the ecological environment, which is the deviation of the development goals.
expert's point
Karst groundwater should be qualified for high quality and high water consumption
Yuan Daoxian, a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and a researcher at the Institute of Karst Geology of the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, believes that the annual precipitation in most parts of Shanxi is less than 600 mm, and water resources are seriously lacking. At present, the annual over-exploitation of groundwater in Shanxi (the amount of mining minus the amount of extractables) is 500 million cubic meters. Overexploitation of karst groundwater has changed its natural runoff state, which eventually led to the attenuation and drying of many karst water sources, as well as environmental geological problems such as land subsidence and ground fissures and geological disasters. There are now three 19 karst springs in the province (Jinyiquan, Lancunquan and Guduiquan, respectively) that have been completely cut off. Once the karst spring is exhausted by over-exploitation, surface water is difficult to replenish.
Yuan Daoxian said that the extremely large drought in the five southwestern provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in 2010 was basically distributed in the karst karst area. In the case of dry season precipitation and serious shortage of surface water savings, karst groundwater almost became a living and production of mountain residents. The only source. The quality of karst groundwater is good, and only "good steel is used on the cutting edge", which is excellent in quality and used as a drinking water source. At the same time, from the perspective of sustainable development, this part of karst groundwater resources should be stored as a long-term strategic resource. It can only be used as a drinking water source in emergency situations or in the case of unresolved drinking water sources. It cannot be used in other areas, especially in high-water industrial projects.
Yuan Daoxian said that without a strict environmental impact assessment, the red mud dump was built in a natural karst depression or funnel in the karst area, which has great risks. These areas are karst groundwater recharge areas, mainly in vertical karst form, often distributed with karst landforms such as karst depressions, funnels, and falling water caves. This special topography provides favorable topographic conditions for the construction of industrial solid waste yards. The factory does not need to invest too much money to build. However, with the gradual accumulation of tailings and the increase of pressure, karst collapse is likely to occur, causing a large amount of waste lye to continuously penetrate into the ground, and then moving through the complex runoff route to the discharge area, eventually contaminating the karst groundwater, seriously threatening the downstream water source. The water supply to the ground is safe.
(Xiao Bo)
Concerned about surprises
Tag: Alumina project Xinfa Karst groundwater Spring area Red mud yard
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