In the 1970s, the film mulching technology was introduced from Japan to China, which brought a “white revolution†to China's agriculture, which greatly improved the yield and benefits of some crops. In the dry farming area of ​​northern China, the film mulching technology is the key technology for grain production, which can increase crop yield by about 30%, and has made significant contributions to ensuring food security in China. However, with the large-scale application of mulching technology, the problem is becoming more and more obvious: the mulch film after use will become pollution if it is not recycled in time, posing a potential threat to agricultural production. Then, how can waste mulch recover? How can we solve this problem effectively? Gansu Province, which is mainly based on dry farming, is a large province of mulch consumption. The environmental pollution caused by waste mulch has once been plagued by Gansu. In recent years, Gansu Province has effectively solved this problem by strictly setting standards and establishing a sound recycling system.
Film collector: In the past, it became a "disaster", and this is a new way to increase income.
At 7 o'clock in the morning, the day is light, and the chill in the middle of the autumn is thick. A farm tricycle was stopped from a distance in Hongtu Village, Ningyuan Town, Anding District, Dingxi City, Gansu Province. The 48-year-old owner Li Dongming removed the bamboo basket from the bucket and took the iron hook down to the roadside field. One day of recycling used film work. This tricycle is no different from other cars, except that there is a red mark on the windshield in front of the car.
According to Li Dongming, in the early years, because of the high cost of recycling old membranes, the local people’s enthusiasm for recycling old membranes was not too high. Under normal circumstances, a farmer can only recover half an acre of land a day, and the labor cost will cost a hundred yuan a day. Sometimes, farmers rush to sow in order to grab the farm, directly dumping the residual mulch together with the soil into the soil, causing the film to remain.
"A few years ago, our waste film here became a 'death' and became a 'magic'. The contiguous fields were all over the past few years. Some people built old membrane treatment plants in the county, even The township has also built a (old film) recycling station." Li Dongming said while he was busy with his work: "The old film like this can be sold to the recycle bin for one to sixty or seventy yuan. There is a 1.3 to 1.4 party, almost 100 yuan." When I was busy, I didn't go home for dinner at noon, just take a bite in the town. One car in the morning, one car in the afternoon, six days in a week, and an average of 6 to 10 cars.
Due to the good water retention and preservation effect of the mulch film, in the local area, the farmer's land is covered once or twice a year. Generally, it is the autumn film at the end of October and the beginning of November of the first year. After the spring, the old film in the ground will be taken off. The end of March is the spring season of the filming season. At the end of April and the beginning of May, corn or potato is planted. Vegetable. Some in order to save trouble, simply cover the film once a year, the first year of the autumn film is not revealed, and continue to use in the coming year.
Li Dongming’s family has 20 mu of land, of which 6 mu of potato and 13 mu of corn are used, and the mulch is used every year. "With one roll of acre, you have to use 20 to roll the mulch. Now, there are four or five recycled old membranes in the village. There are also some people in the surrounding villages. Some villages have more than 10 people. Most of them are hand-made enamel films.†Li Dongming said that when he was in the 2013 slack season, he heard that the old mulch film could be sold, so he started the business of recycling the film. "In the old fields of the people, most of the villagers don't care. After all, it is polluted in the ground. Some old people don't let the whites, and the diligent villagers pick up the mulch in the ground. Waiting for the film collector to collect. This depends on the situation, a lot of almost one and a half or so, to give an eight yuan ten yuan is not too much, four yuan five yuan he is not too small."
Gansu Province is one of the first provinces to introduce and test mulching film cultivation techniques in the country. In recent years, the area of ​​mulching film has been expanding year by year, and the amount of mulching film has increased year by year. In 2014, the area covered by various types of crops in the province reached 27.5 million mu, and the total amount of film used was nearly 156,000 tons. As the use of mulch film grows rapidly, a large amount of used mulch film is produced. Looking at the countryside, this not only causes visual "white pollution", but also has potential threats such as reducing the quality of cultivated land, ingesting livestock, and causing secondary pollution caused by incineration. "In view of this, Gansu has gradually explored the solution of strengthening source prevention and control, government support guidance, enterprise market operation, administrative supervision promotion, technical support guarantee, and legal system leading norms" The effective way of residual film mulching has basically formed a sustainable development model of increasing film production and income, recycling of waste film, and turning waste resources into treasures," said Li Chongxi, deputy director of Gansu Provincial Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Environmental Protection Station. In 2014, the recycling rate of waste plastic film in the province has reached 75.4%, and the problem of waste film residue in grain production in dry farming areas has been basically solved.
Transfer station: nearby recycling and departure
Where is the old film recycled in the field? Where is the waste film collected by Li Dongming such a hard day?
Followed by Li Dongming to the film recycling station in Ningyuan Town. Here, I saw more people like Li Dongming who are doing dry film recycling. A farm tricycle marked with a "film buying car", some filled with old film, but also filled with half-car dissatisfaction, one day in the morning or late, from time to time from the surrounding, gathered in this recycling station compound .
Because there are too many mulch films and many vehicles, the recycler's staff can only climb two or three groups and climb the waste film stack of the tricycle. From top to bottom, from left to right, take the caliper and estimate it. The person who wrote the account in the backyard shouted: "1.3 side", "1.5 side", "1 party is not enough, count 1 party"... In this way, the old film recycling truck is driven into the backyard for unloading.
"These mulch dealers are very hard. There is almost a 1.8~1.9 square in a full car. A little bigger car can pull about 2 squares, and it usually takes 15 or 6 mu of land. 20~25 square waste The membrane is almost the price of a new membrane." The recycler staff said: "Our recycling sites are built on arable land, and each recycling point can radiate a large piece. These waste films will be sorted here. Old film recycling companies that were shipped to local or foreign locations.†The staff pointed to two trucks parked in the backyard.
It is understood that the recycling and utilization of waste film in Gansu Province mainly involves three aspects: farmer picking, outlet recycling, and enterprise processing. The Regulations on the Recycling and Utilization of Waste Agricultural Films formulated in 2013 stipulates that all counties (cities, districts) shall incorporate the recycling of used agricultural film into the environmental protection target responsibility system, rationally arrange recycling outlets, and support enterprises and other organizations to recycle used agricultural film. In order to promote the recycling and comprehensive utilization of waste film, special funds have been set up. From 2011 to 2015, a total investment of 90 million yuan has been invested. By the end of 2014, there were 293 enterprises engaged in the recycling and processing of waste plastic film in Gansu Province, and 2,148 rural recycling outlets were established. The network system covering the collection, recycling and resource utilization of the film was initially formed, and the recycling of waste film was basically formed. The market-oriented operating mechanism utilized.
"Reincarnation" workshop: "previous life" mulch, "this life" PE
“Waste mulch is a valuable renewable resource, and recycling will not result in waste of resources,†said Jin Xinhai, head of Lanzhou Golden Land Plastics Corporation. Jin Land Plastics Co., Ltd. is a company integrating plastic blown film, synthetic materials and plastic recycling research and production. Walking into the plastic film production workshop of the Golden Land, I saw that one machine tool was running at a high speed. The operator skillfully rolled the plastic film produced by the machine into a roll according to certain standards. “This is our mulch production workshop. These black and white films will be sold everywhere after leaving the factory. The mulch standards we produce are much higher than the national standards, not only thinner, but also have high tensile strength and are easy to recycle. Jin Xinhai picked up a roll of film and said that at present, the thickness of agricultural film used in China is 0.006 mm~0.008 mm. Compared with 0.015 mm used abroad, the strength is small, very thin, and difficult to recycle. The difficulty of film recycling is the strength and thickness of the film. The higher the tensile strength and thickness, the easier it is to recycle. For the sake of cheaper prices, farmers often choose mulch with low tensile strength and low thickness, because such mulch is cheaper than the former.
Turned away from the production workshop, came to the waste land recycling workshop of Golden Land. Some of the old membranes of the Ningyuan Town Recycling Station, which was traded with Li Dongming, were transported here for returning to the factory for “reincarnationâ€. Here, it is seen that the used mulch film is pulverized, washed, and then transformed into recycled plastic granules by hot melt and extrusion.
According to reports, there are two main ways of comprehensive utilization of waste mulch film in Gansu Province: one is to produce recycled plastic granules from recycled mulch film, and use deep-processed recycled granules to form PE pipes, plastic containers (such as septic tanks), drip irrigation belts, etc. It is to directly pulverize the recovered waste mulch and mix a certain proportion of slag to produce recycled products such as the wells, manhole covers and urban greening trees.
According to Li Chongxi, in recent years, Gansu Province has adopted a series of methods such as “financial discount, first build and then supplement, and award for compensation†to support the construction of a number of recycling and processing enterprises with advanced technology, large-scale operation and strong ability to withstand risks. The policy has laid a solid foundation for the comprehensive utilization of waste film recycling, and Jin Land Company came into being under such a background. With the support of the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Agriculture, Gansu implemented a demonstration project of agricultural clean production (film recycling and comprehensive utilization) in 44 counties in 2012-2015, arranging a central subsidy of 233.61 million yuan and an additional area of ​​31.74 million plastic film. Mu, the new processing capacity of 47,284 tons. In order to effectively strengthen administrative supervision, since 2014, Gansu Province will give priority to enterprises with waste film recycling processing capacity when bidding for government procurement of plastic film in dry farming areas, so as to encourage enterprises to actively participate in the recycling of waste film, and gradually form A benign mechanism of "who produces and who recycles."
Revelation: Adhere to the "two-legged walk" and the "three in one" coordinated development
The practice in Gansu shows that traditional mulch film is an irreplaceable important agricultural production material for a long period of time in the future under the current economic and technical conditions before a better alternative product is found. The promotion of plastic film should adhere to "walking on two legs." Promote the use of high-standard mulch film on large-scale crops, and take strict control of increments, reduce stocks, and promote the use of resources. In some areas and crops, we should promote the use of a multi-purpose membrane, a multi-film technology, and the efficient use of the film. At the same time, in the case of facility agriculture, high value-added cash crops or short-coverage crops, the experimental degradation film should be explored. . At present, the prevention and control of waste film mulch remains to follow the path of improving the quality standards of the film, improving the recovery rate and resource utilization.
According to the Gansu Provincial Department of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, in the next step, the province will aim at the construction of agricultural ecological civilization, establish the concept of agricultural clean production and sustainable development, and focus on the fight against agricultural non-point source pollution prevention and control, and achieve “one control†by 2020. The goal of “two reductions and three basics†is to use administrative, economic, technological and legal means to improve the recycling and comprehensive utilization of plastic film and promote the environmental protection and governance of agro-ecology.
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