Cutting fluid is an important supporting material for metal cutting

The history of human use of cutting fluid can be traced back to ancient times. When grinding stone, bronze and iron, people know that watering can improve efficiency and quality. In ancient Rome, olive oil was used in the casting of piston pumps, and in the 16th century, tallow and water solvents were used to polish metal armor. From the 1775 British J. Wilkinson developed a successful trampoline for the processing of the cylinders of the Watt steam engine , the application of water and oil in metal cutting was accompanied . After a long development in 1860, various machine tools such as turning, milling, planing, grinding, gear machining and threading have appeared one after another, which also marks the beginning of larger-scale application of cutting fluid.

In the 1880s, American scientists first conducted the evaluation of cutting fluids. F·W·Taylor discovered and clarified the phenomenon and mechanism that the cutting speed can be increased by 30% to 40% by using a pump to supply sodium carbonate aqueous solution. The Tool material used at that time was carbon tool steel, and the main function of the cutting fluid was cooling, so the term "coolant" was proposed. Since then, people have called cutting fluids a cooling lubricant .

With the continuous improvement of the understanding level of cutting fluid and the continuous enrichment of practical experience, it is found that injecting oil in the cutting area can obtain a good processing surface. At the earliest, people used animal and vegetable oils as cutting fluids, but animal and vegetable oils were prone to deterioration and had a short life cycle. At the beginning of the 20th century, people began to extract lubricating oil from crude oil and invented various excellent lubricating additives. After the First World War, research and use of composite oils synthesized from mineral oils and animal and vegetable oils began. In 1924, sulfur and chlorine-containing cutting oils were patented and used in heavy cutting, broaching, threading and gear machining.

The development of tool materials has promoted the development of cutting fluids . In 1898, high-speed steel was invented, and the cutting speed was increased by 2 to 4 times. In 1927, Germany first developed hard alloys, and the cutting speed was increased by 2 to 5 times than that of high-speed steel. As the cutting temperature continues to increase, the cooling performance of the oil-based cutting fluid can not fully meet the cutting requirements, and people have begun to re-emphasize the advantages of water-based cutting fluid. In 1915, an oil-in-water emulsion was produced, and in 1920 it became the preferred cutting fluid for heavy cutting. The first oil-free synthetic cutting fluid was developed in the United States in 1948 and increased in application in the 1970s due to oil price shocks.

In the past ten years, due to the continuous improvement of cutting technology, the emergence of advanced Cutting Machine tools, the development of cutting tools and workpiece materials, promoted the development of cutting fluid technology. With the in-depth development of advanced manufacturing technology and the strengthening of people's awareness of environmental protection, new requirements have been placed on cutting fluid technology, which will certainly promote the development of cutting fluid technology to a higher level.