Five principles for preventing accidents

From the perspective of safety, there are the following five principles for researching safety production and preventing accidents.

1. The principle of possible prevention

Industrial accidents are human disasters. Unlike natural disasters, human disasters can be prevented. To prevent accidents from happening, we must base ourselves on prevention. Therefore, accidents at work should not only consider measures after the accident, but must focus on prevention measures prior to the accident. Safety engineering takes prevention as a priority, and safety management emphasizes the principle of prevention. It is based on the principle that accidents can be prevented. In the investigation report of the cause of the accident, there is often a record that "the cause of the accident is irresistible." The so-called irresistible can only be attributed to natural disasters. As a human disaster accident, by implementing effective countermeasures, an accident can be completely avoided, and it can be prevented before it can be prevented.

2. The principle of accidental loss

The concept of work-related accidents includes two meanings: First, accidents occur; second, losses from accidents result in losses. The so-called losses include death, injury, disability, damage to health, mental distress, etc. The loss also includes material aspects such as burning or defacement of raw materials, finished or semi-finished products, equipment destruction, production decline, compensation payments, and markets. Loss and so on. An accident that causes human losses can be called a personal accident; an accident that causes damage can be called an accident.

There are three kinds of personal accidents: First, due to accidents caused by human insecurity, such as tripping, falling from high altitude, colliding with figures, torsion of the human body, etc.; secondly, accidents caused by motions of objects, such as people being hit by flying objects. , Compression of heavy objects, clamping of rotating objects, collision of vehicles, etc.; third, accidents due to contact or absorption, such as contact with live conductors and electric shock, exposure to radiation, contact with hot or cold objects, inhalation of toxic gases or exposure to harmful substances, etc. .

Therefore, the following rules exist between accidents and losses: The magnitude of the loss or the type of loss caused by the consequences of an accident is determined by chance. Repeated accidents of the same kind do not necessarily cause the same loss.

There are also accidents that do not result in loss and no loss in the event of an accident, and are called accidents. Even if a dangerous event such as this avoids loss, if it happens again, it will not be lost. How big the loss is, it can only be determined by chance and cannot be predicted. Therefore, in order to prevent the occurrence of large losses, the only way is to prevent the accident from happening again.

5. The principle of secondary causes

Accidents and causes are necessarily linked, accidents and losses are accidental.

The principle of secondary causes is causal inheritance.

"Loss" is the consequence of the accident; the direct cause of the accident is the most recent cause before the accident, or the proximate cause; the cause of the direct cause is called the indirect cause, also known as the secondary cause, and the more profound cause of the indirect cause is called The basic reason is called far cause. The lack of internal management of enterprises, the defects in policies, decrees, and systems as well as the reasons for school education, society, and history in the industry and the competent authorities can be cited as the basic reasons.

Indirect causes are secondary to basic causes and secondary to direct causes. The direct causes can be further divided into the causes of people and the causes of things. Both people and things may be accidental to each other.

Therefore, the prevention of accidents must be traced from the direct cause to the basic cause. It is necessary to prevent the hazards from becoming secondary accidents by controlling the sources of the hazards and strengthen the safety management. In particular, energy management should be well managed.

4. The principle of choosing countermeasures

For the three most important causes of accidents in the cause analysis: technical reasons, educational reasons, and management reasons, appropriate countermeasures can be taken. 1 Technical measures; 2 Educational measures; 3 Legal measures.

Engincering, education and legal measures are often referred to as "3 E measures." They are considered to be the three pillars of preventing accidents.

The most appropriate countermeasure for preventing accidents is based on the analysis of causes, and the countermeasures for indirect and underlying causes are the basic countermeasures. The quicker, more timely, and more accurate the implementation of countermeasures, the lower the probability of an accident.

5. Risk Factor Protection Principle

Eliminating the principle of potential danger Use high technology to eliminate dangerous and harmful factors in the labor environment, thereby ensuring the maximum possible safety and reliability of the system and maximizing the protection of risk factors.

The principle of reducing the level of risk factors (value) When risk factors cannot be eradicated, reduce the number of hazardous and harmful factors, such as strengthening personal protection, reducing dust, toxic individual inhalation.

The principle of distance protection The role of hazards and harmful factors in production is diminished by certain rules related to distance. Such as protection of radioactive and other ionizing radiation, protection of noise, blasting shock wave, etc. should increase the safety distance to reduce its harm. Using automation and remote control to keep operators away from dangerous areas is a safe direction to apply distance protection principles.

The principle of time protection This principle is to reduce the time in which people are exposed to dangerous and harmful factors to safety limits. Shielding principle refers to the establishment of a barrier within the scope of the role of dangerous and harmful factors, to protect humans against the dangers and harmful factors. Shielding is divided into mechanical, photoelectric, and absorption (such as lead plate absorption of radiation) and so on.

China Labor Insurance Network