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Figure 1: Power generation layer of organic thin-film solar cells. The left side is the original random structure, and the right side is the ideal structure realized this time.
Figure 2: The production process developed this time
The Japan Industrial Technology Research Institute (JINTR) announced on May 8th, 2014 that a research team composed of the researcher Shigehiko Kita and others used crystal growth technology to convert the photoelectric conversion efficiency of organic thin-film solar cells to the previous 1.85%. Increased more than 1 times, reaching 4.15%.
The mainstream structure of an organic thin-film solar cell is a "Bulk Heterojunction" structure in which a positively-charged donor material and a negative-charged acceptor material are combined.
However, the control of the crystal structure in this way is difficult, and it has been the random mixing of the two materials. The reason why this research institute has been able to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency is to develop a crystal growth technique that can perfectly separate and layer the donor material and the acceptor material, realizing the structure in which the charge path is connected to the electrode (Fig. 1) .
The team used the simple co-evaporation method (method of sublimating and evaporating two kinds of materials in vacuum at the same time) used in the production of the bulk heterojunction, and successfully produced what is known as “heteroepitaxyâ€. (Heteroepitaxy), an organic thin film in which the respective crystal directions of the two materials are uniform. The material named BP2T (Biphenyl Bithiophene) acts as a "template layer" for heteroepitaxy, on which the donor material Zinc Phthalocyanine (ZnPc) and the acceptor material fullerene (C60) are co-evaporated.
The highly crystalline template layer formed of BP2T, which is highly self-organizing, is used as a bottom layer, thereby improving crystal regularity of the donor layer and the acceptor layer grown thereon ( FIG. 2 ).
This time successfully achieved bulk heterojunction structure control previously difficult to achieve with the co-evaporation method, which is expected to accelerate the process of high efficiency of organic thin-film solar cells. (Reporter: Ching Lung of China and the West, Nikkei BP Institute of Clean Technology)
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