1. What nutrients are needed for rice in a lifetime?
Rice growth relies on the leaves, sheaths and stems of the shoots to absorb light, heat and carbon dioxide, relying on the roots to absorb water and various nutrients to produce organic matter. These nutrients contain a large number of elements, trace elements and special elements. A large number of elements are carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, trace elements are iron, manganese, molybdenum, special elements are silicon, etc., a total of 16 elements.
2. What are the basic laws for rice to absorb various nutrients?
The absorption and utilization of nutrients by rice is governed by two laws: First, the law of diminishing returns: no matter what kind of elements are applied, when the application rate is within a certain range, the yield will decrease after the application exceeds a certain limit. This phenomenon is most obvious among the three factors, followed by phosphate fertilizer.
Can not replace the law: in any case, the number of various nutrients required by rice not only has a certain proportion range, but also various elements have specific functions and physiological functions, although they are related to each other. But it cannot be replaced. As long as one element is insufficiently supplied, this element becomes a limiting factor for increasing production.
3. Why do you emphasize the application of organic fertilizer in rice production?
Organic fertilizers contain more organic matter, more humus after decomposing, complete nutrients, high quality, long fertilizer effect, both slow-acting and colloidal properties. Its cohesiveness, adsorption and substitution are very high, so it has a good soil amendment for improving soil unfortunate, increasing agglomerate structure, and improving soil water retention and fertilizer retention capacity. However, in recent years, the amount of organic fertilizer applied in the northern rice area is very small, and the rice field soil lacks organic matter. The rice field with less organic matter is not resistant to drought, does not retain water, has severe knots, poor ventilation, poor root development, and often appears to be defective and premature. phenomenon. This has resulted in a reduction in production, so paddy fields must be supplemented with organic fertilizer.
4. What are the physiological effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on rice? What are the symptoms of deficiency and excessive harm?
Nitrogen, a component of protein in plants, is the main component of chlorophyll, which promotes the development of roots and leaves. In the absence of nitrogen, rice leaves are yellow-green, leaves are narrow, plants are short; stems are hard and small, and ears are short; Hair root, don't worry. When the nitrogen is excessive, the rice leaves will be green and the leaves will be wide and drooping; there will be many tillers, but they are weak.
Phosphorus is to promote root development and nutrient absorption; enhance tillering potential, grain enrichment; increase starch synthesis; enhance the development of various growth points. In the absence of phosphorus, the leaves are dark green, the leaves are narrow, and there are russet spots; there are few tillers, when there is a serious lack of growth, no growth; no maturity; delayed maturity, grain is not full; harmful effects when phosphorus is excessive, but no increase in production, but also caused Reduced production due to zinc deficiency.
Potassium, starch, cellulose synthesis and in vivo transport can not be deficient in potassium, potassium is to improve the vitality of the roots, delay leaf senescence, and at the same time enhance the ability to resist pests and diseases. In the absence of potassium, the leaves of the rice are dark green, the leaves are wide and short, brown spots appear, the tip of the leaves and the edges of the leaves are curled, and the leaves appear to be burning at a distance; the roots are short and thin, the stalks are weak and easy to fall, and the potassium fertilizer is harmless, but no obvious Increasing production.
5. What are the three elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium for the production of 500 kg of rice?
Hybrid rice requires 13 kg of nitrogen fertilizer, 7.5 kg of phosphate fertilizer and 21 kg of potash.
Conventional rice requires 15 kg of nitrogen fertilizer, 8.5 kg of phosphate fertilizer and 22 kg of potash fertilizer.
The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 2:1:3.
6. How to increase the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer in paddy field production?
Nitrogen: Deep application of base fertilizer; can increase nitrogen utilization rate by 10-15%.
Phosphorus: The utilization rate of concentrated phosphorus is significantly higher than that of dispersed phosphorus.
(1) è˜¸ç§§æ ¹;
(2) Concentrated fertilization 1-2 days before transplanting;
(3) Applying phosphate fertilizer to green manure and using phosphate fertilizer through green manure;
(4) Put green manure into the paddy field.
7. Why should potash be applied in paddy field production? What are the types of potash?
The paddy field consumes a large amount of potassium. In recent years, the potassium-deficient paddy field has increased year by year, and the application of potassium fertilizer has a significant effect on increasing rice yield. At present, potassium fertilizer has KCL, K2SO4, and herb ash.
8. At present, what are the common fertilization methods in the rice areas of our province?
Rice fertilization has two types of base fertilizer and top dressing. Fertilization is called base fertilizer when it is combined with water shovel before transplanting. In the past, it was mainly based on farm organic fertilizer, and now it is applied at the same time as organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer. Fertilization after transplanting, collectively referred to as top dressing, there are green fertilizer, tiller fertilizer, panicle fertilizer, grain fertilizer and so on.
9. Why should we emphasize layer fertilization?
The benefits of deep application of chemical fertilizers are many, and deep application in the reducing layer, the ammonium nitrogen is stable, and the utilization rate is high. The test results of various places: the deep application of ammonium bicarbonate is 13-19% higher than the surface application rate, and 1 kg of fertilizer can increase the yield of 1.5 kg of rice, especially in alkaline soil. The deep application of chemical fertilizer can not only greatly improve the fertilizer efficiency, reduce the volatilization of ammonium, reduce the leakage of nitrogen leakage, increase the absorption and utilization rate of rice, but also achieve the long-term slowness, medium stability and long-lasting strength. The deep fertilization effect lasts for 40-50 days, which changes the weak points of the front fierce, medium weak, and poor post-fertilization, improves the seed setting rate and grain weight, and is a good method for high-efficiency fertilization.
10. How to apply base fertilizer and tiller fertilizer?
According to the rice fertilizer requirement and tillering needs, the manure fertilizer is applied in three times, which can improve the utilization rate and promote the tillering. For the first time, 5-7 days after transplanting, 5,5 kilograms of ammonium sulphate can be used. Some calcium superphosphate and zinc sulphate can be used. The second time should be reapplied, every 10-20 days, the third time to pay attention to promote balance. Growth, 5-10 days before the end of tillering.
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