Greenhouse vegetables are a high-input, high-output production method in a specific environment. Different fertilization methods not only affect the utilization rate of fertilizer, but also affect the economic benefits of production.
1. Common misunderstandings in current fertilizer application
　　 1. Organic manure Drying manure and chicken manure have become the main base fertilizer for vegetables in greenhouses. However, for the convenience of application, vegetable farmers often dry manure and chicken manure in the fields and lose water. This practice causes the maggots to multiply, the nitrogen volatilizes, and the nitrogen nutrients of the fertilizer are lost.
　　 2. Calcium, magnesium and phosphorus are used as basic fertilizers on alkaline soil. Calcium, magnesium and phosphorus are weakly acidic fertilizers. They are insoluble in water. Under weak acid conditions, they can be gradually converted into water-soluble phosphates, which are absorbed by crop roots and applied on alkaline soils. There is no urgent need for phosphorus in crop seedlings, resulting in physiological phosphorus deficiency.
　　 3. The superphosphate is applied as a top dressing. Phosphorus has little mobility in the soil, and the movement range is between 1 and 3 cm. Therefore, it is difficult to transfer the crop to the rhizosphere of the crop, so it does not play a role in supplementing the phosphorus in the crop.
　　 4. Immediately after the application of urea, the urea is acyl ammonia fertilizer, which is easily soluble in water. After being applied to the soil, it must be decomposed to be converted into ammonium bicarbonate. It is absorbed and utilized by the crop . Immediately after the application, the water is easily mixed with water. Loss, reduce fertilizer efficiency.
　　 5 , ammonium bicarbonate with water this method often results in more fertilizer in the water inlet, crop growth is different, difficult to manage, and the shed temperature rises in the afternoon, ammonia gas escapes from the soil, smoldering the lower leaves of the crop, causing fertilizer harm.
Second, the main method to improve fertilizer efficiency
　　 1. Organic fertilizer piled up and cooked as base fertilizer In late July , 4000 kg of human waste was added to Xiangyang , plus 100 kg of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus , 400 kg of crushed wheat straw (ç³ ) , mixed and piled into a shape of a scorpion, covered with a worn plastic film. Or use grass puree to stack for 30 days, and then use high-quality organic fertilizer for the base fertilizer.
　　 2, superphosphate fertilizer concentrate Shizuo Ji transplanting row 8 cm deep opening, after withdrawal of the phosphate casing 4--5 cm, and then transplanted in crop shallow, P and shorten the distance of root crops to make up the mobile Phosphorus Little weakness.
　　 3 , urea early application, deep application and root application according to the development stage of fertilizer and fertilizer demand, early application, deep application, than the shallow application to increase the utilization rate of 28 %. Pengwen at 15 - 20 ℃ 7 days ahead of time, Pengwen 20 - When 25 ℃ 5 days in advance, the opening 8 topdressing - 10 cm ditch, after withdrawal of mulch applied closely on the hole spacing can be large crop Deep application. The Pengwen every 5 - 7 Days watering, so that there is sufficient time in the soil sufficiently ammoniated to facilitate crops absorb. During the crop growth, 0.3% urea solution available foliar spray, once every 7 days, with a solution of 100 kilograms per acre, continuous 2--3 times.
　　 4 , ammonium bicarbonate deep application of ammonium bicarbonate is the ideal quick-acting fertilizer for winter and greenhouse vegetable production and topdressing. Because it is rarely volatilized at 20 °C, it can be dissociated into ammonium ions and adsorbed by soil after being applied to the soil, and then slowly released for supply. The roots of crops can be converted and decomposed and absorbed by crops even under the soil temperature of 5 °C. When the dressing plant roots from 8 - 10 cm apart 10 cm deep, with soil after the fertilizer spreader reclosable, can improve the utilization of 10--30% yield administered shallower than 10%, compared with the water applicator yield 7.8%.
Â
Â
Ha Bearing Heater,Bearing Heater,Bearing Heater Induction,Bearing Heater Cone
Jiangsu JOBA Mechanical Manufacture Co., Ltd , https://www.jsjoba.com