U.S. develops non-crystalline new carbon structural materials, negative pressure capability, super diamond

The American physicist organization network reported on October 11 that carbon is the fourth element in the universe, and it has several allotropes. The two most common elements are high hardness diamond and soft and smooth graphite. . Now, American scientists have created a new form of carbon, and its ability to cope with extreme pressure has made diamonds "self-defeating." The breakthrough discovery will be published in the journal Physical Review Letters. The research team led by Ma Wendi of Stanford University and his graduate student Lin Yu (transliteration) and the scientists at the Carnegie Institute Geophysical Laboratory made this discovery. They made a glassy carbon of carbon with 400,000 times atmospheric pressure, creating a new carbon allotrope. Glass carbon was first synthesized in the 1950s. It combines the qualities of glass, ceramics and graphene for a wide range of applications. Scientists have discovered that new forms of carbon can withstand 1.3 million times atmospheric pressure in one direction and 600,000 times atmospheric pressure in other directions. Nothing other than diamond can withstand such a large pressure, which shows that this new carbon allotrope is indeed very hard. However, unlike diamond and other forms of carbon crystals, this new material is a non-crystalline material, which means that its structure lacks the long-range order of the crystal. If the non-crystalline, superhard carbon allotropes have the same hardness in all directions, the potential advantage is stronger than diamond. The hardness of diamond depends mainly on the orientation of the crystal. Russell Hemley, director of the Geophysical Laboratory at the Carnegie Institution, said: "The latest discoveries will have many applications. Scientists can use it to create ultra-hard anvils and other ultra-compact, super-high-pressure research institutes. Hard new material."

Steel Pipe

The steel tube has a hollow section, and its length is much larger than that of the steel with diameter or circumference.
They are divided into circular, square, rectangular and special-shaped steel tubes according to the section shape.
The material is divided into carbon structural steel pipe, low alloy structural steel pipe, alloy steel pipe and composite steel pipe.
It is divided into pipeline, engineering structure, thermal equipment, petrochemical industry, mechanical manufacturing, geological drilling, and high pressure equipment for use.

According to the production process, it is divided into seamless steel pipe and welded pipe, of which two kinds of seamless steel pipe are hot rolling and cold rolling (drawing). The welded pipe is divided into straight seam welded pipe and spiral seam welded pipe.

Steel pipe is not only used for transporting fluid and powdery solid, exchanging heat energy, manufacturing mechanical parts and containers, but also an economic steel. The use of steel pipe to build structural grid, pillar and mechanical support can reduce weight, save metal 20 to 40%, and realize mechanized construction in factories. The manufacture of road and bridge with steel pipe can not only save steel products and simplify construction, but also greatly reduce the area of protective coating and save investment and maintenance costs.

According to the production method, the steel pipe can be divided into two main categories: seamless steel pipe and slotted steel pipe.

1, seamless steel tubes can be divided into hot rolled seamless pipes, cold drawn tubes, precision steel pipes, hot expansion pipes, cold spinning pipes and extruded pipes according to the production methods.

Seamless steel tubes are made of high quality carbon steel or alloy steel, and are divided into hot rolling and cold rolling (drawing).

2, welded pipes are divided into furnace pipe, electric welding (resistance welding) tube and automatic arc welding pipe because of its different welding technology. Because of its different welding forms, there are two kinds of welded pipe and spiral welded pipe, and the end shape is divided into circular welded pipe and special type (square, flat, etc.) welded pipe.

The welded steel pipe is made of the rolled tube shaped steel plate, which is welded by the seam or spiral seam. In the manufacturing method, it is divided into the welded pipe of low pressure fluid transportation, the spiral seam welded pipe, the direct coil welding pipe, the welding pipe and so on. Seamless steel pipe can be used in various industries such as liquid pressure pipes and gas pipes. Welded pipes can be used for water conveyance pipelines, gas pipes, heating pipes, electrical appliances pipes, etc.

Steel Pipe,Galvanized Steel Pipe,Stainless Steel Pipe,Carbon Steel Pipe

HeBei GuangHao Pipe Fittings Co .,LTD (Cangzhou Sailing Steel Pipe Co., Ltd) , https://www.guanghaofitting.com