A numerical control system is a digital controller that is applied to various manufacturing equipment. The high-end CNC system is based on the industry standard, based on the modern computer software and hardware platform, the automation control device that combines the motion control technology and the logic control technology. It is a high-tech product integrating multiple engineering disciplines such as mechanical electronics, automation, computer and communication. . The related technology of CNC system is a key technology group supporting modern equipment manufacturing industry. It directly determines the function and performance of manufacturing equipment. It is the key technology group that drives the equipment layer in the process of industrialization, and belongs to the important basic technology group supporting industrialization.
At the beginning of the development of CNC system, almost the development of computer technology is a parallel line. The early CNC system called NC (Numerical Control) is based on the principle of digital logic. It has experienced the era of electron tube and transistor, and is essentially a dedicated track control processor. . With the miniaturization of computers and the reduction of manufacturing costs, CNC technology has entered the era of computer numerical control based on general-purpose computers, commonly known as CNC (Computerized Numerical Control). Throughout the nearly 20 years of technological development of CNC systems, modern computer technology has provided very important support. The impact of modern computer technology on the technical route of high-end CNC systems can be summarized as follows:
1. Modern computer technology provides high-performance and cost-effective software and hardware platform support for high-end CNC systems.
The numerical control system aims to control the coordinated movement of the various moving devices of the equipment and the accurate logical control of the auxiliary device. These control tasks require strictly periodic high frequency calculations. In addition to these basic computing tasks, the controller also requires auxiliary operations such as human-computer interaction. Therefore, the numerical control system needs to have the support of a real-time multi-tasking computing platform. In the past decade, with the rapid development of modern semiconductor technology, the new high-performance central processing unit (CPU) provides powerful computing capabilities for the CNC system. At the same time, the increasingly mature modern computer architecture directly provides technical standards for the peripheral management of CNC systems and the access of other control devices. In particular, the wide application of industrial PCs provides a high-performance and cost-effective hardware platform for CNC systems. At present, many world-renowned high-end controller products adopt or partially adopt PC technology standards. Including Siemens, Rexroth, HEIDENHAIN and so on. The PC technology standard not only provides hardware resources but also provides a wealth of software resources. On the other hand, the real-time operating system provides important software platform support for the real-time multi-computing tasks of the CNC system, including VxWorks, ucOS, RtOS, RtLinux, etc., which have been successfully applied in the numerical control system. The use of real-time operating system greatly simplifies the software development process of the numerical control system, and simplifies the development of related functions of the human-computer interaction system, file management, memory management, peripheral management and task management of the numerical control system.
2. Modern computer communication technology has laid the foundation for the networking of high-end CNC systems.
The network of production systems is a realistic demand for manufacturing globalization under the global economic situation, and an important trend in the development of advanced manufacturing technologies. As the underlying information processing center of the manufacturing system, the numerical control system is the important information interaction hub in the whole production system network. Based on modern computer communication technology, high-end CNC systems mostly implement the underlying network and the upper layer network to complete the interaction of basic manufacturing information. The underlying network refers to the servo system of the CNC system area based on fieldbus technology and the interconnection network between intelligent I/O modules. Currently popular fieldbuses include CAN, PROFIBUS, PowerLink, SERCOS, and Industrial Ethernet. The upper layer network mainly realizes the access of high-end CNC system, workshop workstation and office automation network. It is worth noting that many of the standards in industrial fieldbus are moving closer to the Ethernet standard, and it is likely that the underlying network and the upper layer will adopt the Ethernet standard in the future.
3. Modern computer software open technology provides a direct and effective technical means for the openness of high-end CNC systems.
From the development of industrialization in the 20th century, it can be seen that in the first half of the 20th century, mechanical automation production was rapidly developed under the baptism of the two world wars. This development has provided aircraft and tanks for the two world wars, and also contributed to the industrial civilization represented by automobile civilization after the war. It is this industrialized civilization that has progressed itself and puts new demands on equipment manufacturing. On the one hand, with the practical application of more technologies in the military and civilian fields, complex parts have become an issue that designers cannot avoid, especially in the aerospace industry and the nuclear industry. On the other hand, people need to find a new balance between manufacturing lot size and manufacturing cost, and the market will eventually prefer products that respond more quickly to customers' changing needs and tastes. This is an important driving force behind the development of flexible manufacturing technology based on numerical control technology. The open technology of high-end CNC system is based on the modular design technology of numerical control system, which realizes the easy-to-expand and easy to realize the diversified CNC system architecture of controller types. The NGC program in the early 1990s proposed the concept of open CNC system, and proposed the open system structure software model for the first time. In the mid-to-late 1990s, the OSACA program in Europe practiced the concept of an open controller and established its own standards for software information interconnection and packaging for CNC systems. Unfortunately, the OSACA program implementation process is a period in which computer software middleware technology is rapidly developing and tending to standardize. The software technology generated by the completion of the OSACA program has lagged behind the development of computer software technology, and the plan will end in no end. At home and abroad, many research institutions have adopted CORBA and COM technologies to build high-end controller open architectures and have achieved valuable results. Although the current open controller has not yet been seen in the product, it is believed that with the support of modern computer software open technology, the open process of high-end controllers will continue to make new progress.
4. Modern computer software engineering technology supports the reliability of high-end CNC. With the convergence of CNC system hardware and industrial computer systems, the functions of CNC systems are facing a trend of “softeningâ€, that is, more and more CNC system functions are realized by software. Modern computer software engineering technology provides theoretical support for the modular design and system testing of numerical control systems. Under the guidance of modern software engineering technology, CNC system software has changed from structural design oriented to computational process to componentized design of object-oriented model. This transformation reduces the coupling degree of each module in the software system, facilitates the software development and testing of the software, and the partial upgrade of the entire software system, enhancing the adaptability of the software life cycle. Through the engineering software test, the reliability of the numerical control software is greatly improved, which provides powerful support for improving the reliability of the whole CNC system.
In summary, modern computer technology has affected the technical route of high-end CNC systems in the past 20 years. Modern computer technology is an important technical support for the technological advancement and performance improvement of high-end CNC systems, and directly supports the hotspot of CNC technology competition.
1. Computer programmable technology provides a viable solution for expanding the application of high-end CNC systems.
The high-end CNC system is different from other control devices, and programming is an important technical feature. Efficient motion description language and logic description language compilation technology and execution engine will be the key technologies for high-end CNC system expansion system application. Programmable logic controllers embedded in high-end CNC systems in accordance with IEC61131-3 have become an important feature of high-end CNC systems. Under the trend of increasingly unified logic programmable languages, the drawbacks of motion programmable languages ​​in the form of G codes that have formed international standards are becoming increasingly apparent. At present, the new international standard for processing description language Step-NC has not been widely supported by controller manufacturers, and the various motion programmable languages ​​introduced by various controller manufacturers are becoming a new competitive hotspot. Both the implementation of Step-NC and the implementation of other motion programmable systems require modern compilation techniques.
2. Computer signal processing technology is an important technical support for high-end CNC system performance improvement.
The competition of high-end CNC system in control performance is always the direction of important technical competition with the development of numerical control technology. High-precision motion control technology is not only competitive in computing precision. Various high-end CNC systems are heavily connected to information sensing devices including position sensors and current sensors. Through the collection and processing of external information, high control technology is used to achieve high performance. Accuracy compensation and control. The digital signal acquisition and processing technology based on modern computing technology realizes the acquisition and signal processing of external information of high-end CNC system, including the establishment of control object model by computer simulation technology. The above technologies are important technical means for high-end controllers to improve control accuracy.
3. Artificial intelligence technology brings high-end CNC technology to a new historical stage.
The traditional numerical control system only takes multi-coordinate coordinated motion control as the most important control task, and finally completes the process according to the motion control program input by the user. In the above process, there is no other smarter control process than the motion trajectory program that reflects the operator's wishes. The application of the programmable logic controller partially improves the above process. The pre-set logic process takes up most of the auxiliary functions of the process and safety-related logic controls. Having only the above control capabilities is far from enabling the controller to be replaced by an operator. In the actual process, there are a large number of situations that require intelligent perception, decision-making, experience learning, and revision of decision-making basis. In order to achieve automation to a greater extent and realize the liberation of workers, high-end controllers will continue to advance toward intelligent control. In this process, artificial intelligence technology will become an important technical means to improve programmatic control. At present, some high-end CNC systems have successfully applied some artificial intelligence technologies in automatic generation technology, fault diagnosis and scheduling task scheduling. It is believed that artificial intelligence technology will bring high-end CNC technology to a new historical stage.
Conclusion Strengthen the application of modern computer technology and promote the innovation of high-end CNC technology. The high-end CNC system is a high-tech product that integrates many engineering disciplines such as mechanical electronics, automation, computer, and communication. The demand for technological advancement of high-end CNC systems is firstly derived from the actual needs of production. Modern computer technology does provide technical innovation support for high-end CNC related technologies. The track of technological advancement of numerical control systems in the past 20 years has proved the important role of modern computer technology applications. The current hotspot of numerical control technology competition can also see the promotion of modern computer technology. Therefore, in the research work of high-end CNC systems, we should fully draw on the mature technology in the field of computer technology, promote the technological innovation of high-end CNC systems, and shorten the gap between our numerical control system technology and the international advanced level.
At the beginning of the development of CNC system, almost the development of computer technology is a parallel line. The early CNC system called NC (Numerical Control) is based on the principle of digital logic. It has experienced the era of electron tube and transistor, and is essentially a dedicated track control processor. . With the miniaturization of computers and the reduction of manufacturing costs, CNC technology has entered the era of computer numerical control based on general-purpose computers, commonly known as CNC (Computerized Numerical Control). Throughout the nearly 20 years of technological development of CNC systems, modern computer technology has provided very important support. The impact of modern computer technology on the technical route of high-end CNC systems can be summarized as follows:
1. Modern computer technology provides high-performance and cost-effective software and hardware platform support for high-end CNC systems.
The numerical control system aims to control the coordinated movement of the various moving devices of the equipment and the accurate logical control of the auxiliary device. These control tasks require strictly periodic high frequency calculations. In addition to these basic computing tasks, the controller also requires auxiliary operations such as human-computer interaction. Therefore, the numerical control system needs to have the support of a real-time multi-tasking computing platform. In the past decade, with the rapid development of modern semiconductor technology, the new high-performance central processing unit (CPU) provides powerful computing capabilities for the CNC system. At the same time, the increasingly mature modern computer architecture directly provides technical standards for the peripheral management of CNC systems and the access of other control devices. In particular, the wide application of industrial PCs provides a high-performance and cost-effective hardware platform for CNC systems. At present, many world-renowned high-end controller products adopt or partially adopt PC technology standards. Including Siemens, Rexroth, HEIDENHAIN and so on. The PC technology standard not only provides hardware resources but also provides a wealth of software resources. On the other hand, the real-time operating system provides important software platform support for the real-time multi-computing tasks of the CNC system, including VxWorks, ucOS, RtOS, RtLinux, etc., which have been successfully applied in the numerical control system. The use of real-time operating system greatly simplifies the software development process of the numerical control system, and simplifies the development of related functions of the human-computer interaction system, file management, memory management, peripheral management and task management of the numerical control system.
2. Modern computer communication technology has laid the foundation for the networking of high-end CNC systems.
The network of production systems is a realistic demand for manufacturing globalization under the global economic situation, and an important trend in the development of advanced manufacturing technologies. As the underlying information processing center of the manufacturing system, the numerical control system is the important information interaction hub in the whole production system network. Based on modern computer communication technology, high-end CNC systems mostly implement the underlying network and the upper layer network to complete the interaction of basic manufacturing information. The underlying network refers to the servo system of the CNC system area based on fieldbus technology and the interconnection network between intelligent I/O modules. Currently popular fieldbuses include CAN, PROFIBUS, PowerLink, SERCOS, and Industrial Ethernet. The upper layer network mainly realizes the access of high-end CNC system, workshop workstation and office automation network. It is worth noting that many of the standards in industrial fieldbus are moving closer to the Ethernet standard, and it is likely that the underlying network and the upper layer will adopt the Ethernet standard in the future.
3. Modern computer software open technology provides a direct and effective technical means for the openness of high-end CNC systems.
From the development of industrialization in the 20th century, it can be seen that in the first half of the 20th century, mechanical automation production was rapidly developed under the baptism of the two world wars. This development has provided aircraft and tanks for the two world wars, and also contributed to the industrial civilization represented by automobile civilization after the war. It is this industrialized civilization that has progressed itself and puts new demands on equipment manufacturing. On the one hand, with the practical application of more technologies in the military and civilian fields, complex parts have become an issue that designers cannot avoid, especially in the aerospace industry and the nuclear industry. On the other hand, people need to find a new balance between manufacturing lot size and manufacturing cost, and the market will eventually prefer products that respond more quickly to customers' changing needs and tastes. This is an important driving force behind the development of flexible manufacturing technology based on numerical control technology. The open technology of high-end CNC system is based on the modular design technology of numerical control system, which realizes the easy-to-expand and easy to realize the diversified CNC system architecture of controller types. The NGC program in the early 1990s proposed the concept of open CNC system, and proposed the open system structure software model for the first time. In the mid-to-late 1990s, the OSACA program in Europe practiced the concept of an open controller and established its own standards for software information interconnection and packaging for CNC systems. Unfortunately, the OSACA program implementation process is a period in which computer software middleware technology is rapidly developing and tending to standardize. The software technology generated by the completion of the OSACA program has lagged behind the development of computer software technology, and the plan will end in no end. At home and abroad, many research institutions have adopted CORBA and COM technologies to build high-end controller open architectures and have achieved valuable results. Although the current open controller has not yet been seen in the product, it is believed that with the support of modern computer software open technology, the open process of high-end controllers will continue to make new progress.
4. Modern computer software engineering technology supports the reliability of high-end CNC. With the convergence of CNC system hardware and industrial computer systems, the functions of CNC systems are facing a trend of “softeningâ€, that is, more and more CNC system functions are realized by software. Modern computer software engineering technology provides theoretical support for the modular design and system testing of numerical control systems. Under the guidance of modern software engineering technology, CNC system software has changed from structural design oriented to computational process to componentized design of object-oriented model. This transformation reduces the coupling degree of each module in the software system, facilitates the software development and testing of the software, and the partial upgrade of the entire software system, enhancing the adaptability of the software life cycle. Through the engineering software test, the reliability of the numerical control software is greatly improved, which provides powerful support for improving the reliability of the whole CNC system.
In summary, modern computer technology has affected the technical route of high-end CNC systems in the past 20 years. Modern computer technology is an important technical support for the technological advancement and performance improvement of high-end CNC systems, and directly supports the hotspot of CNC technology competition.
1. Computer programmable technology provides a viable solution for expanding the application of high-end CNC systems.
The high-end CNC system is different from other control devices, and programming is an important technical feature. Efficient motion description language and logic description language compilation technology and execution engine will be the key technologies for high-end CNC system expansion system application. Programmable logic controllers embedded in high-end CNC systems in accordance with IEC61131-3 have become an important feature of high-end CNC systems. Under the trend of increasingly unified logic programmable languages, the drawbacks of motion programmable languages ​​in the form of G codes that have formed international standards are becoming increasingly apparent. At present, the new international standard for processing description language Step-NC has not been widely supported by controller manufacturers, and the various motion programmable languages ​​introduced by various controller manufacturers are becoming a new competitive hotspot. Both the implementation of Step-NC and the implementation of other motion programmable systems require modern compilation techniques.
2. Computer signal processing technology is an important technical support for high-end CNC system performance improvement.
The competition of high-end CNC system in control performance is always the direction of important technical competition with the development of numerical control technology. High-precision motion control technology is not only competitive in computing precision. Various high-end CNC systems are heavily connected to information sensing devices including position sensors and current sensors. Through the collection and processing of external information, high control technology is used to achieve high performance. Accuracy compensation and control. The digital signal acquisition and processing technology based on modern computing technology realizes the acquisition and signal processing of external information of high-end CNC system, including the establishment of control object model by computer simulation technology. The above technologies are important technical means for high-end controllers to improve control accuracy.
3. Artificial intelligence technology brings high-end CNC technology to a new historical stage.
The traditional numerical control system only takes multi-coordinate coordinated motion control as the most important control task, and finally completes the process according to the motion control program input by the user. In the above process, there is no other smarter control process than the motion trajectory program that reflects the operator's wishes. The application of the programmable logic controller partially improves the above process. The pre-set logic process takes up most of the auxiliary functions of the process and safety-related logic controls. Having only the above control capabilities is far from enabling the controller to be replaced by an operator. In the actual process, there are a large number of situations that require intelligent perception, decision-making, experience learning, and revision of decision-making basis. In order to achieve automation to a greater extent and realize the liberation of workers, high-end controllers will continue to advance toward intelligent control. In this process, artificial intelligence technology will become an important technical means to improve programmatic control. At present, some high-end CNC systems have successfully applied some artificial intelligence technologies in automatic generation technology, fault diagnosis and scheduling task scheduling. It is believed that artificial intelligence technology will bring high-end CNC technology to a new historical stage.
Conclusion Strengthen the application of modern computer technology and promote the innovation of high-end CNC technology. The high-end CNC system is a high-tech product that integrates many engineering disciplines such as mechanical electronics, automation, computer, and communication. The demand for technological advancement of high-end CNC systems is firstly derived from the actual needs of production. Modern computer technology does provide technical innovation support for high-end CNC related technologies. The track of technological advancement of numerical control systems in the past 20 years has proved the important role of modern computer technology applications. The current hotspot of numerical control technology competition can also see the promotion of modern computer technology. Therefore, in the research work of high-end CNC systems, we should fully draw on the mature technology in the field of computer technology, promote the technological innovation of high-end CNC systems, and shorten the gap between our numerical control system technology and the international advanced level.
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