At present, foliar topdressing has been widely applied in production, especially in the middle and late stages of crop growth. It has the advantages of low cost, quick effect and obvious effect. In order to improve the effect of foliar topdressing, based on years of production experience, the following seven points should be mastered.
1. Determine the best spraying period. Different crops have different optimal spraying periods. The early spraying is small, the leaf area is narrow, the fertilizer is less, the waste is more, and the effect is not ideal. After the spray is delayed, the leaves are yellow and aging, and the function of sucking fertilizer is reduced. Some crops are sprayed late, which will cause late maturity, affecting yield and reducing the value of commodities. According to years of experience, crops such as soybeans and corn are harvested. It is advisable to start from the flowering period to the filling stage. In this period, the plant grows vigorously, requires a large amount of fertilizer, has strong leaf absorption capacity, and has a good effect of spraying fertilizer. For example, cabbage, which is harvested with stems and leaves, should be in the opening period; celery should be 25-30 days before the market. Melon and pod crops are better in the expansion period, and the fertilizer is sprayed in the best period, which can effectively improve the fertilizer utilization rate and achieve the effect of increasing production and income.
2. Determine the appropriate amount and concentration. The number of foliar sprays and the concentration of spray applied to different crop types are also different. According to the comparison of production tests, the amount of liquid used for grain crops is 30-40 kg, and the concentration is 1-2%. The amount of liquid used for stems and leaves is 45-55 kg, the concentration is 0.5-1%, the spraying times are 2-3 times, and the crops with more leaves and leaves can also add some adhesives such as washing powder and soap when spraying. Liquid, etc., to enhance the adhesion of liquid fertilizer on the leaf surface and prolong the time of sucking the leaf.
3. Choose the weather and time for spraying. The good and bad effect of foliar topdressing has a certain relationship with the weather, temperature, wind speed and time of spraying. Different crops have different cell structure, pore size and development time, and the leaves need a certain temperature and humidity. According to the physiological habits of crop leaves, the weather of spray fertilizer should be selected in the morning or after 4 o'clock in the cloudy or sunny days, avoiding the high temperature and strong light at noon, so as to avoid the effect of liquid fertilizer evaporation too fast. The temperature during spray application should reach 25-30 °C, and the water temperature of liquid fertilizer should be 20-28 °C. The water temperature and low temperature will affect the effect of spraying fertilizer. In the weather with excessive wind speed, the effect of foliar topdressing is not ideal. In addition, it should be sprayed in the rain within 2 hours after spraying.
4, foliar spray fertilizer method. When spraying on the surface of the leaves, the sprayed and sprayed on the front side of the blade is the standard. In the production operation, it is generally more sprayed on the blade and absorbed slowly, and less on the back is more fertilizer. Therefore, the blade spray should be sprayed on the back as much as possible.
5. The choice of spraying the plot. Foliar topdressing generally has a better effect on the following plots. First, the plots of crop roots that are not growing well after flood disasters, and those that are obviously de-fertilized at the end of the base fertilizer; second, crops are prone to occur or some deficiency has already occurred. The third place is to obtain high-yield, high-efficiency plots, such as greenhouse vegetables, corn, and rapeseed.
6, the season of foliar topdressing. The strength of leaf fertility is closely related to the temperature. Generally, high temperature weather absorbs more fertilizer, and low temperature weather absorbs little or no fertilizer. From the season, the foliar topdressing is mainly from the beginning of spring to the end of autumn. From the perspective of crop growth stage, it is mainly the stage of vegetative growth and the stage of vegetative growth and reproductive growth.
7. Choose the right type of fertilizer. Foliar topdressing should determine the type of fertilizer according to the needs of the crop, the right fertilizer, quick-acting quick supplement. Generally, it is mainly composed of chemical fertilizers (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, micro-fertilizer) and biological bacterial fertilizers that are easily soluble in water. Fertilizer can be applied alone or in combination. Some fertilizers can be mixed with pesticides when sprayed on the surface, and some can not be mixed, such as biological fertilizers and fungicides.
Huaxian Agricultural Technology Center Huang Lihua
1. Determine the best spraying period. Different crops have different optimal spraying periods. The early spraying is small, the leaf area is narrow, the fertilizer is less, the waste is more, and the effect is not ideal. After the spray is delayed, the leaves are yellow and aging, and the function of sucking fertilizer is reduced. Some crops are sprayed late, which will cause late maturity, affecting yield and reducing the value of commodities. According to years of experience, crops such as soybeans and corn are harvested. It is advisable to start from the flowering period to the filling stage. In this period, the plant grows vigorously, requires a large amount of fertilizer, has strong leaf absorption capacity, and has a good effect of spraying fertilizer. For example, cabbage, which is harvested with stems and leaves, should be in the opening period; celery should be 25-30 days before the market. Melon and pod crops are better in the expansion period, and the fertilizer is sprayed in the best period, which can effectively improve the fertilizer utilization rate and achieve the effect of increasing production and income.
2. Determine the appropriate amount and concentration. The number of foliar sprays and the concentration of spray applied to different crop types are also different. According to the comparison of production tests, the amount of liquid used for grain crops is 30-40 kg, and the concentration is 1-2%. The amount of liquid used for stems and leaves is 45-55 kg, the concentration is 0.5-1%, the spraying times are 2-3 times, and the crops with more leaves and leaves can also add some adhesives such as washing powder and soap when spraying. Liquid, etc., to enhance the adhesion of liquid fertilizer on the leaf surface and prolong the time of sucking the leaf.
3. Choose the weather and time for spraying. The good and bad effect of foliar topdressing has a certain relationship with the weather, temperature, wind speed and time of spraying. Different crops have different cell structure, pore size and development time, and the leaves need a certain temperature and humidity. According to the physiological habits of crop leaves, the weather of spray fertilizer should be selected in the morning or after 4 o'clock in the cloudy or sunny days, avoiding the high temperature and strong light at noon, so as to avoid the effect of liquid fertilizer evaporation too fast. The temperature during spray application should reach 25-30 °C, and the water temperature of liquid fertilizer should be 20-28 °C. The water temperature and low temperature will affect the effect of spraying fertilizer. In the weather with excessive wind speed, the effect of foliar topdressing is not ideal. In addition, it should be sprayed in the rain within 2 hours after spraying.
4, foliar spray fertilizer method. When spraying on the surface of the leaves, the sprayed and sprayed on the front side of the blade is the standard. In the production operation, it is generally more sprayed on the blade and absorbed slowly, and less on the back is more fertilizer. Therefore, the blade spray should be sprayed on the back as much as possible.
5. The choice of spraying the plot. Foliar topdressing generally has a better effect on the following plots. First, the plots of crop roots that are not growing well after flood disasters, and those that are obviously de-fertilized at the end of the base fertilizer; second, crops are prone to occur or some deficiency has already occurred. The third place is to obtain high-yield, high-efficiency plots, such as greenhouse vegetables, corn, and rapeseed.
6, the season of foliar topdressing. The strength of leaf fertility is closely related to the temperature. Generally, high temperature weather absorbs more fertilizer, and low temperature weather absorbs little or no fertilizer. From the season, the foliar topdressing is mainly from the beginning of spring to the end of autumn. From the perspective of crop growth stage, it is mainly the stage of vegetative growth and the stage of vegetative growth and reproductive growth.
7. Choose the right type of fertilizer. Foliar topdressing should determine the type of fertilizer according to the needs of the crop, the right fertilizer, quick-acting quick supplement. Generally, it is mainly composed of chemical fertilizers (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, micro-fertilizer) and biological bacterial fertilizers that are easily soluble in water. Fertilizer can be applied alone or in combination. Some fertilizers can be mixed with pesticides when sprayed on the surface, and some can not be mixed, such as biological fertilizers and fungicides.
Huaxian Agricultural Technology Center Huang Lihua
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